| After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991,Kazakhstan,an independent country,began the process of de Russification in order to highlight the status of the dominant nation,reshape national identity and national feelings,overcome serious economic crisis and social turbulence.This article first provides a brief analysis of the background of Kazakhstan’s "de Russification".The conquest of Kazakhstan during the Tsarist Russia period and the assimilation policy of the Soviet Union with a tendency towards greater Russianism are the historical roots of Kazakhstan’s "de Russification".In the early stages of independence,the level of economic development in the country was low.Revitalizing ethnic culture,enhancing national and ethnic identity,and strengthening the political,economic,and cultural independence of ethnic states were the practical factors for "de Russification".The influence of the four Central Asian countries’ "de Russification",the promotion of the United States,and the ideological penetration of the Turkic countries represented by Türkiye are the external factors of Kazakhstan’s "de Russification".Secondly,detailed explanations were provided on the measures taken to "de Russianize" Kazakhstan.Politically highlight the dominant position of the Kazakh nation and implement a "diversified and balanced" foreign policy.Advocate for "privatization" reform in the economy,promote national economic development,and continuously improve the living standards of the people.Actively revitalize national culture,protect cultural heritage,and enhance national identity and sense of honor in terms of culture.The promulgation of the Language Law established the dominant position of the Kazakh language and script.In terms of ethnic and religious policies,measures have been taken to call on foreign Kazakhs to return to their "historical homeland",resulting in a sharp increase in the population of the Kazakh ethnic group and becoming the absolute mainstay of the country.The relaxed religious policy has led to an increase in the population of Kazakhstan who believe in Islam,but the policy of separating religion and politics has standardized the boundary between faith and politics,achieving a win-win situation between national modernization and the positive interaction of citizens’ beliefs.Finally,through a comparative analysis of the national situation in the early days of national independence and in recent years,from the perspective of Kazakhstan’s international status,the proportion of the main ethnic groups,citizens’ national identity,national cultural construction,language use and other contents,"de Russification" has achieved certain results.However,the policies implemented by the Kazakh government have also caused many problems.For example,placing too much emphasis on the main ethnic group has led to a sharp increase in conflicts between different ethnic groups,ultimately leading to the loss of a large number of foreign populations and the loss of many high-tech and management talents.The unreasonable reform of language and writing has brought many inconveniences to the public’s use,deepened social division and various social contradictions,and hindered the modernization and internationalization of the Kazakh language. |
