A Study Of Gannan Academy In The Ming And Qing Dynasties

With the rise of Neo Confucianism in the Song Dynasty,Gannan Academy began to be established.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,under the influence of national education policies,the functions and nature of Gannan Academy underwent significant changes.The phenomenon of official learning and imperial examination in the academy became increasingly apparent,which was manifested in the following aspects.The first is the relationship between academies and the country.During the official ban on the destruction of academies in the Ming Dynasty,Gannan Academy underwent a facelift and continued to exist in the form of literary societies,social studies,and ancestral temples.Among them,the influence of cultural associations and social studies on the transformation of academies is significant.The Wenhui designated the learning content of academies as the study of imperial examinations,promoting the process of imperial examination in academies,and gradually assisting and replacing local official schools in terms of functions.Wang Yangming’s attempt to build a academy in Ganzhou as a sociological study broke through the limitations of the Ming dynasty’s ancestral system without a academy,providing a reference for the legitimate construction of local academies.The combination of academies and social studies has made academies an organizational structure for implementing primary education,laying the foundation for the entry of academy education into grassroots society.At this point,in theory and practice,academies can replace the local official school system of the Ming Dynasty,replace prefectural and county schools in urban areas,and replace social studies in rural areas.Secondly,the impact of the change in the nature of the academy.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,academies transformed from lecture style academies to academic style academies,replacing one educational organizational structure with another.In terms of teaching function,the academy changed from holding lectures to holding cultural gatherings,and then from holding cultural gatherings to holding exams,which were determined through the establishment of academic regulations.In terms of teaching management,under the leadership of local officials,the mountain chief responsibility system of the academy is becoming increasingly perfect.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the government implemented village conventions and preached sacred edicts in rural areas.With the decline of rural covenant preaching activities,rural academies,formed by the combination of rural covenant,social studies,and volunteer studies,have both educational and educational functions.The focus of the academy’s education has shifted from urban to rural areas,and the management of the academy is presided over by rural gentry.At this point,the academies in the urban and rural areas of Gannan are more easily controlled by the authorities.Finally,establish a local network of Confucian education centered around academies.Zhou Cheng’s acceptance and Wang Yangming’s transformation of Gannan are important cultural symbols in the Gannan region,providing a legitimate discourse space for the construction of local academies and creating a public opinion direction for the country to promote education in local areas.The combination of academy education with the imperial examination system and the rural contract system has become a part of the orthodox system,spreading mainstream ideology to civil society.In the process of constructing academies,the imperial examination system strengthened their educational attributes,and the popularization of rural academies unleashed their educational vitality.In the process of imperial examination in academies and the downward movement of national education,official academies replaced official schools and complemented the imperial examination system;The combination of rural academies and grassroots social organizations has become one of the activity centers of local society.Finally,Gannan Academy established a network of Confucian education in urban and rural areas.In summary,in order to strengthen the control of academies,promote the official learning and imperial examination of academies,the state regards the construction of academies as a means of education,and strengthens the management and control of local society in Gannan.