A Research On Academies Of Henan During The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Development Academies of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Henan have characteristics different from other parts of China,but also with the environment is closely related to the development of the National Academies. The Ming and Qing Dynasties from Henan Province Academies were named after location, historical events or historical figures, local auspicious signs, but also to advocate for the purpose of cultivating scholarship named, highlights regional culture of academy nomination. There are some differences in site selection of academies during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, the academies is not subject to official control, selection of a location with a certain arbitrariness, but to the Qing Dynasty, with the official of Henan Academies deepening, academies are almost located in urban areas. Henan Academies’ buildings during the Ming and Qing dynasties including five functional partitioning such as worship, teaching, books, live, play. But specific to each academy, its architectural layout and style are different. Henan Academies of regulations originate from a person from the Song Dynasty called Qi Tongwen, who made regulations for Yingtianfu Academy, improved by Nie Liangqi who made the regulation six criteria for Baiquan Academy; entering to the Qing Dynasty, the academies according to their own conditions making appropriate regulations, covering the mission of teaching, moral characters of cultivation, reading and learning; continuous improvement of academy regulations, provide institutional and theoretical basis for the development of the academies. Academies of Henan in the teaching activities of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the worship for the long-term development of the academies has a special meaning; The targets of Academies’worship have Confucius and his disciples, and different times in Confucian theory and Confucian values, promoting, etc. to make major contributors, as well as contribute to the official name for the academy, and even some of the gods; Academies’ ceremony improves internal cohesion, but also to promote the academy with the local culture blend. In the whole Ming Dynasty, influenced by the Mind and three prohibition and destruction of academies, books and Printing Activities Henan Academies of lackluster; to the Qing Dynasty, with the support of the Qing government and local officials, the academy of books and printing industry tends to flourish developed situation also led the transformation collections management system, in this regard Kaifeng Daliang Academy has certain typical. Because of different sizes, Henan academies’ sizes of organizational structure are different; Henan Academies ways to raise funds mainly have government funding, individual donations, academy field income, interest income, academies adhere to make ends meet, and its funds are mainly used to pay president’s wage, students’ alimony and laborers’salaries; academy field sources have various channels, and farm rents charged has its aspect of diversity.