| China has the largest old population and the fastest aging rate in the world.According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics,in 2022,the elderly population aged 60 or above will reach 280.04 million,accounting for 19.8 percent,among which 209.78 million,or 14.9 percent,will be aged 65 or above.With the further aggravation of the aging of the minority children in our population,the number of the old population will still rise in the future,and the degree of aging will also deepen.The health of the elderly population is not only related to the elderly themselves and their families,but also closely related to national construction and development.Therefore,this paper studies the health status of the elderly population and its influencing factors.On the one hand,it makes a deep understanding of the health of the elderly from multiple dimensions.On the other hand,to find out the important factors affecting the health of the elderly population,in order to improve the health of the elderly and promote the construction of healthy China to provide reference for decisionmaking.Firstly,the web crawler and Citespace were respectively used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the literature,in order to understand the public opinion of the health of the elderly and the hot spots of the current academic research.Secondly,multi-dimensional analysis is carried out on the health of the elderly population.On the macro level,the life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly population are estimated by using the census data.On the micro level,the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)is used.The health status of the elderly in three dimensions of daily life self-care ability,cognitive ability and mental health was calculated and analyzed.Furthermore,the differences in health status of the elderly population were compared and analyzed from horizontal and vertical aspects,and Arcgis software was used to visualize the differences in health status of the elderly population in different regions.Finally,multiple linear regression model and random forest model were established to determine the factors affecting health,and the structural equation model was combined to analyze the interaction between the factors.Finally,the following conclusions are drawn:First,the life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly population have both increased,with differences between different age groups and genders.The results show that the remaining life of the elderly aged 65 is about 20.5 years,of which the remaining healthy life is about16 years.Compared with the sixth population census,life expectancy and healthy life expectancy have increased,but the gap between the two is also further expanding,the difference between the elderly under 80 years old is about 4 years,the elderly are very little apart.In addition,there is a significant gender difference between the life expectancy of the elderly population and the healthy life expectancy.As a whole,women are higher than men,but in terms of the proportion of healthy life expectancy to life expectancy,men’s healthy life expectancy is 5 percentage points higher than women of the same age.Second,the health status of the elderly population is generally reasonable,and the decline of health in all dimensions varies with age.78.0% of the elderly are able to take care of themselves in daily life,about 52% of the elderly are cognitively healthy,and 74.2% of the elderly are not depressed.According to the evaluation of the health status of the elderly population based on the three dimensions,only 64.0% of the elderly are in good health.The longitudinal analysis of four follow-up surveys found that the health status of the elderly population in all dimensions became worse with the increase of age.Those who could take care of themselves in daily life decreased by 17.5percentage points,those with good cognitive ability decreased by 18.5 percentage points,and those with depressive tendencies increased by 3.7 percentage points.At the same time,the horizontal analysis found that in 23 provinces(municipalities and districts),the self-care ability of the samples of the elderly was similar,the cognitive ability score was close to the trend of "weak in the middle,strong in both sides",and the mental health score showed a trend of increasing from south to north.Third,the health of the elderly population is affected by many factors.Different individual characteristics have different effects on various health conditions.Older persons with adequate medical services have better health conditions,and pension access has positive effects on cognitive and mental health.Among the health behaviors of the elderly,smoking and drinking are harmful to their health,while exercise can promote various health conditions of the elderly.At the same time,being chronically ill has a negative impact on self-care and mental health.In addition,structural equation models reveal a positive interaction between physical and mental health in older adults.According to the research of this paper,several suggestions are put forward to improve the health of the elderly population: promoting the healthy lifestyle,promoting the concept of healthy life;Pay attention to the mental health of the aged group,strengthen the positive guidance;Promote the construction of the elderly care service system,pay attention to the vulnerable elderly groups;Improve the accessibility and utilization of medical services;We will improve the social support system for the elderly population and the social security system. |
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