Clinical Analysis Of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia And Its Extrapulmonary Complications In Children

BackgroundMycoplasma Pneumoniae(MP)is one of the most important pathogens of acute respiratory infections in children and one of the common causes of Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)in children.Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)is a primary atypical pneumonia that accounts for 10 to 40 percent of CAP in children.MP infection is mainly transmitted by droplets and can occur throughout the year.In recent years,the infection rate of MP in children has been increasing year by year.The main organ caused by MP infection is the respiratory tract,and it can also lead to the injury of multiple organs outside the lung,which can be life-threatening in severe cases.The clinical manifestations of MPP are lack of specificity,and the mechanism of extrapulmonary complications is still unclear.At present,there is insufficient clinical understanding of MPP and extrapulmonary complications,so it is necessary to further study the characteristics of MPP and extrapulmonary complications.ObjectiveIn this study,the clinical characteristics and auxiliary examination characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and its extrapulmonary complications in children were discussed,so as to improve the further early clinical identification of the disease and avoid the occurrence of serious complications.MethodsApproved by the ethics committee of two hospitals,the First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College(Luohe Central Hospital)and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University,we collected the children with MPP hospitalized in the pediatric department of Luohe Central Hospital and a small number of children with MPP hospitalized in the pediatric department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021.A total of 108 cases;According to the presence or absence of extra-pulmonary complications,the patients were divided into MPP group without extra-pulmonary complications and MPP group with extra-pulmonary complications.According to age,they were divided into infant group(<3years old),preschool group(3～6 years old)and school age group(6～14 years old).The clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,treatment and other information of children with MPP were collected,and the data were collated to statistically analyze the differences between the two groups in age,sex,season,fever degree,fever time,cough time,white blood cell count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte deposition rate(ESR),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),D dimer,treatment and other aspects.SPSS26.0 statistical software was used for analysis.Results1.108 children with MPP,with an average age of 5.21±2.60 years,were 49 males and 59 females;There were 24 cases in the infant group,39 cases in the preschool group and 45 cases in the school-age group.2.MPP mainly presents with fever,cough,phlegm,wet rales and wheezing in the lungs,and pleural effusion.3.In this study,45 cases of extra-pulmonary complications occurred in 108 MPP cases,with an incidence rate of 41.7%,among which the incidence of cardiovascular system damage was the highest,25 cases(23.1%),followed by the blood system in 18cases(16.7%),digestive system in 10 cases(9.3%),and other system in 10 cases(9.3%).Skin,urinary tract and nervous system were included,among which one case was nervous system(0.93%).4.The incidence of extrapulmonary complications of MPP in different age groups was different,with 33.3%in the infant group,30.8%in the preschool group and 55.6%in the school-age group,and the difference was statistically significant(x~2=6.163,P<0.05).5.The incidence of extrapulmonary complications of MPP was different in different seasons,and the highest rate was 62.2%in winter,the difference was statistically significant(x~2=10.254,P<0.05).6.There was no significant difference in the incidence of extrapulmonary complications of MPP between different genders(x~2=0.898,P>0.05).7.The fever duration,fever degree,cough and rale of MPP patients with extrapulmonary complications were more severe than those without extrapulmonary complications,and the weight of WBC,CRP,ESR,D-dimer and LDH were significantly higher than those without extrapulmonary complications.8.There were 16 cases of RMP,of which 13(81.25%)had extrapulmonary complications and 3(18.75%)had no extrapulmonary complications,indicating that RMPP was easy to involve extrapulmonary organ damage.Conclusions1.The incidence of extrapulmonary complications of MPP was higher(41.7%),and the cardiovascular system was the most common(23.1%),followed by the blood system and digestive system,and the nervous system had a lower incidence.2.In MPP patients with extrapulmonary complications,the fever duration,fever degree,cough and rale were heavier,and WBC,CRP,ESR,D dimer and LDH were significantly increased.3.MPP can occur in all seasons,with the highest incidence in winter.It was found in children of all age groups,with the highest incidence in school-age children.