| Objective Through oral health examination and a questionnaire survey of 2162 children aged 6 to 12 years old in Linghe District,Jinzhou City,to understand the prevalence of malocclusion,including prevalence,clinical manifestations,and related risk factors,and to further analyze the influence of malocclusion on children’s oral health-related quality of life and their families,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of malocclusion.Methods From September to December 2021,oral examination and questionnaire survey were conducted on 2162 children aged 6 and 12 years old in Linghe District of Jinzhou City by means of multi-stage,stratified and cluster random sampling.In this study,the Angle classification of malocclusion and the cooperation of individual regular teeth were taken as the diagnostic criteria of malocclusion.The relevant examination indexes of the fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey in 2015 were taken as the clinical examination criteria.According to the fourth National Oral Health questionnaire and the World Health Organization(WHO)Oral Health Evaluation form(1997),the report of the Oral Health examination of the second affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University and the questionnaire of Oral Health status of the second affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University(attachment)were used to investigate the prevalence and general situation of malocclusion of the children.The oral health-related quality of life of the subjects was evaluated with the Chinese version of the oral health impact scale(Oral Health Impact Profile-Questionnaire,OHIP-14)in four dimensions: functional limitation,pain and discomfort,physical and mental disorders,and ability disorders.The Chinese version of the Family Impact questionnaire(FIQ)was used to investigate the impact of children’s oral health status on parents/families from four aspects: parent/family action influence,parent emotional influence,family conflict influence,and family financial burden.In this study,the clinical examination of malocclusion was carried out by using a disposable stomatoscope,CPI probe,cotton swab,and other instruments under natural light.The results were uniformly entered into the EXCEL table and statistically analyzed by SPSS25.0 software.The differences of the data were analyzed by single factor analysis of variance,chi-square test,and t-test.Binary logistic linear regression was used to analyze the risk factors of malocclusion.Finally,multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate children’s oral health-related quality of life.Results 1.The prevalence rate of malocclusion in children aged 6-12 years old in Linghe District,Jinzhou City was 67.90%,which was lower than the national average in 2000(71.21%).Among them,the prevalence rate of malocclusion in male children was 68.02%,and that in female children was 67.76%.2.Age had an effect on the prevalence of malocclusion,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),while sex,nationality and family economic level had no effect on the prevalence of malocclusion,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).3.According to the classification of Angle malocclusion,the prevalence rates of Angle class I,Angle class II and Angle class III malocclusion were 46.48%,9.39% and 12.03%,respectively.4.According to the clinical manifestations of malocclusion,it was found that dentition crowding was the most common,with a prevalence rate of 71.79%,followed by deep overbite,anterior crossbite,dentition space,deep overjet,anterior edge-to-edge occlusion and anterior open bite.The prevalence rates were 39.32%,16.10%,12.07%,8.93%,4.02% and 2.08%,respectively.Among them,Ⅰ°deep overbite,Ⅰ°deep overjet and Ⅰ°anterior open bite accounted for the largest proportion in their respective classification,which were 40.35%,51.95% and 48.89%,respectively.5..Except for 694(32.10%)children with normal occlusion,only 8.14% of the children suffered from one type of malocclusion,and most of the children(47.46%)suffered from 2 or 4 kinds of malocclusion at the same time.More seriously,12.30% of the children had five or more types of malocclusion at the same time.6.In this study,the parents of the children were investigated in the form of a questionnaire.among them,the average correct rate of oral health knowledge was 81.56%.In the part of oral health attitude,19.84% of the parents had a negative attitude towards oral health.In addition,in the past year,73.54% of children had seen a dentist,most of which were due to pit and fissure sealing(31.64%).Overall,61.75% of all tested children had undergone pit and fissure sealing.In addition,in the past year,59.41% of the children had experienced tooth pain or discomfort,but in all the population,only 26.32% of the children had seen the dentist for toothache and only 17.76% had regular dental check-ups.Thus it can be seen that the parents of children in Linghe District of Jinzhou City have a high degree of oral health knowledge but do not have a correct attitude towards oral health.In view of this situation,it is suggested to increase oral health publicity and improve the oral health awareness of children and parents in Linghe District of Jinzhou City as the key contents of oral free clinic and oral health care work.7.In this study,on the basis of chi-square test,binary logistic linear regression analysis showed that BMI index,carbonated drinks,sweets and acidic foods had no effect on the prevalence of malocclusion(P>0.05).Bad oral habits(lip biting,tongue protruding,biting,gills support,finger sucking and unilateral chewing,etc.)and other environmental factors(dental caries,oral breathing,retention of deciduous teeth and low labial band,etc.)can lead to an increase in the prevalence of malocclusion.All of them can be regarded as risk factors of malocclusion and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Furthermore,through the linear trend chi-square test,it was found that the higher the frequency and duration of bad oral habits,the greater the possibility of malocclusion,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).8.This study found that malocclusion had a negative impact on the oral health-related quality of life of children aged 6-12 years old in Linghe District,Jinzhou City."physical pain" was the most common negative effect(3.65%),followed by "psychological discomfort"(3.56%).The case with the least impact on the individual was "disability",accounting for only 1.16%.However,from the overall score,malocclusion had little effect on the oral health-related quality of life of the children investigated.Further study showed that anterior open occlusion,deep overbite and deep overbite had negative effects on children’s oral health-related quality of life(P<0.05),while BMI index and family economic level had no effect on them(P>0.05).9.Through the Family impact questionnaire(FIQ)to investigate the impact of malocclusion on children’s families,the study found that children with malocclusion have a negative impact on their families in terms of item 2 "Children get more care from you",item 9 "upset" and item 10 "guilt",that is,children with malocclusion want more attention from their parents than normal children.In addition,the parents of children with malocclusion were more likely to be upset and guilty than those with normal occlusion,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in other items(P>0.05).Conclusions The prevalence rate of malocclusion among the children in this survey was lower than that of children with mixed occlusion in 2000(71.21%).It was found that dental caries,bad oral habits(lip bite,tongue protruding,bite,mumps,finger sucking and unilateral chewing,etc.),retention of deciduous teeth and low labial ligature were all associated with the occurrence of malocclusion.Among them,retention of deciduous teeth,tongue protruding and low labial ligature are the main risk factors.In addition,this study found that malocclusion has a negative impact on children’s oral health-related quality of life,which is mainly reflected in psychological effects and physical pain.At the same time,malocclusion can also have a negative impact on the child’s family,mainly in terms of parental / family action and family conflict.Parents’ guilt and children’s desire for more parental care are the most common effects,the survey found.Therefore,according to the results of the epidemiological survey,we should timely and effectively carry out oral health education,raise people’s awareness of oral health care,and timely abstain from the risk factors that significantly increase the risk of the disease.controlling the progress of oral diseases is not only the focus of oral disease prevention and treatment,but also an effective measure to improve children’s oral health-related quality of life. |
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