Study On The Current Status Of Psychological Empowerment Of Newly Graduated Nurses And The Construction Of Training Program

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status and influencing factors of psychological empowerment of newly graduated nurses and construct the psychological empowerment training program,in order to improve psychological empowerment level and mental health of newly graduated nurses.Methods1.Questionnaire survey:From September to November 2020,382 newly graduated nurses during of standardized training period in 2 tertiary Grade A hospitals in Shandong Province were investigated by convenient sampling method as the research object.The questionnaire survey was conducted using general information questionnaire,Psychological Empowerment Scale(PES)and Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)to analysis current status and influencing factors of psychological empowerment of newly graduated nurses.2.Literature review:The research group systematically searched domestic and foreign databases,include China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,China Biology Medicine disc(CBM),Pub Med and Web of Science.The retrieved literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the final included literature was extracted and classified.Combined with the influencing factors obtained from the questionnaire survey,the basic framework and item pool of the psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses were constructed.3.Semi-structured interview:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nursing managers,newly graduated nurses during of standardized training period,nurses who had completed standardized training,nursing education experts and psychological experts.Content analysis was used to analyze the interview data for enriching the item pool for training program.Then the first draft of the psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses were constructed.4.Delphi method:Delphi method was adopted to invite experts in nursing management,nursing education,clinical nursing and mental health fields for two rounds of correspondence.According to the experts’positive coefficient,authority coefficient,Kendall coordination coefficient and opinion concentration degree of the two rounds of consultation,to judge the reliability of the results of consultation.According to the experts’opinions and subject group discussions,the original plan was revised and supplemented to form the final version of the psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses.Results1.The results of questionnaire survey:The average score of psychological empowerment of 382 newly graduated nurses was(44.24±8.81),four dimensions’scores from high to low were work meaning,self-efficacy,autonomy and work influence.Interpersonal relationship,positive coping style,educational background,negative coping style and psychological course learning were important influencing factors of psychological empowerment(R~2=0.465,P<0.01).2.The results of literature review:In the end,77 literature were included in this study,mainly focusing on the psychological empowerment and mental health of nurses.The research group extracted the items in the literature that conformed to the psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses,combined with the influencing factors of psychological empowerment of newly graduated nurses in the questionnaire survey results,then formed the framework of the training program and some items.3.The results of semi-structured interview:Through the sorting and analysis of the interview data of 12 interviewees,three themes were drawn:"newly graduated nurses were in poor psychological state and needed more attention","psychological courses in standardized training were particularly important,but had not been systematically implemented"and"the specific contents of psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses",then combining with questionnaire survey and literature review results to form the first draft of the psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses.4.The results of Delphi method:A total of 30 experts completed two rounds of expert consultations in this study,and the effective recovery rates of the questionnaire were 91.43%and 93.75%respectively,the authority coefficients were 0.864 and 0.859,which indicating that the experts were highly active and authoritative.The Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of the two rounds of expert consultations were 0.247 and0.290 respectively(P<0.01),which indicating a high consistency of expert opinions.The final psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses includes 4 first-level indicators,13 second-level indicators and 63 third-level indicators.ConclusionThe psychological empowerment of newly graduated nurses was at a medium level,and the influencing factors included interpersonal relationship,positive coping style,educational background,negative coping style and psychological course learning.With the guidance of psychological empowerment theory,combined with questionnaire survey,literature review,semi-structured interview and Delphi method,the psychological empowerment training program of newly graduated nurses was constructed,which was scientific and reliable,and could provide reference for the psychological curriculum setting of newly graduated nurses during the standardized training period.