| In this experiment,the content of mycotoxins in normal jujube and defective jujube was detected,and the effects of two dietary groups and two detoxification treatment groups containing defective jujube on the growth performance,feed apparent digestibility,blood biochemical slaughter performance and mold residue of meat rabbits were compared.In order to select an effective method of reducing mycotoxins in defective jujube,the aim is to provide data support for the application of defective jujube in the feed of Iraqi rabbits,and to provide scientific suggestions for alleviating feed resources and making more rational use of defective jujube.According to the design of single-factor complete randomized trial,96 weaned Iraqi rabbits weighing 0.89 ± 0.02 kg at 35 days of age and half of both male and female were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 12 replicates in each group,repeat 2 each.Each group was divided into three groups:normal jujube group(CK1,fed with basal diet containing 15% normal jujube),defective jujube group(CK2,fed with diet containing 15% defective jujube),physical adsorption treatment group(CK1,fed with CK2 + 2 kg/t Montmorillonite),and biodegradation group(CK2,fed with CK2 +2 kg/t MLJ).The pre-trial period was 7 days,and the trial period was 63 days(growth test 60 days,digestion test 3 days).The results were as follows:Experiment 1: the effects of different treatments on growth performance and digestibility of Meat Rabbit.1)The amount of mycotoxins detected in the normal jujube group was less than that in the normal jujube group,while the amount of mycotoxins in the defective jujube group was much higher than that in the normal jujube group,and the amount of mycotoxins in the defective jujube group was much higher than that in the aflatoxins jujube group.2)There was no significant difference in the initial weight among the groups(P > 0.05).The body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG)and average daily gain(ADG)of CK2 group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups(P < 0.05),and the BW,BWG and ADG of S2 group were significantly higher than those of CK2 group and CK1 group at 60 days(P < 0.01),while the BW,BWG and ADG of S1 group were significantly higher than those of CK2 group(P > 0.05).3)The dry matter intake(DMI)of CK2 group was significantly lower than that of CK1 group at 1-60 d(P < 0.01),and that of S1 and S2 group was significantly higher than that of CK1 group(P <0.01),but lower than that of CK1 group(P < 0.01),and there was no significant difference between S1 and S2 groups(P > 0.05).There was no significant difference in mortality among the four groups(P > 0.05),and the mortality of CK2 group was the highest.4)The apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)were not significantly different among groups(P > 0.05).Experiment 2: The effects of different treatments on the physiological and biochemical indexes of blood in rabbits1)Red blood cell(RBC)and mean platelet volume(MPV)of CK2 group were significantly lower than those of CK1,S1 and S2 groups(P < 0.01),hematocrit(HCT)of CK1 Group was higher than those of CK1,S1 and S2 groups,but there was no significant difference between the groups(P > 0.05),white blood cell(WBC)of CK1 group was significantly higher than that of CK1 group(P < 0.01),mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH)of CK1 and S2 group was significantly higher than that of CK2(P < 0.01),and there was no significant difference between CK1 group and S1 group(P > 0.05).2)At day 30,the levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)in CK2 group were significantly higher than those in CK1,S1 and S2 group,urea nitrogen(BUN)in CK2 group was significantly higher than those in CK1,S1 and S2 group(P < 0.05),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TCHO),glucose(GLU)and total protein(TP)in CK2 group were not significantly different from those in CK1,S1 and S2 group(P > 0.05),and albumin(ALB)in CK2 group was significantly higher than those in CK1,S1 and S2 group(P < 0.01).At 60 days,ALT in CK2 group was significantly higher than that in CK1,S1 and S2 groups(P < 0.01),AST in CK2 and S1 group was significantly higher than that in CK1 and S2 groups(P < 0.01),and AST in S1 group was significantly lower than that in CK2 group(P > 0.05),ALP in CK2 and S1 group was significantly higher than that in CK1 group(P < 0.05),BUN and ALB in CK2 group were significantly higher than that in CK1,S1 and S2 group(P < 0.05),and TG,TCHO,GLU and TP in CK2 and S1 groups were not significantly different from those in CK1,S2 and S2 groups(P >0.05).There was no significant difference in TG,TCHO,GLU and TP among the three groups(P > 0.05).3)At the 30 th day,the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in S1 and S2 groups were significantly higher than those in CK1 and CK2 groups(P < 0.05),the levels of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in S1 and S2 groups were significantly higher than those in CK1 and CK2groups(P < 0.05),the levels of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in S1 and S2 groups were significantly higher than those in CK2 groups(3.8% and 5.2%,respectively),but there was no significant difference among the three groups(P > 0.05),and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)in CK2 groups were significantly higher than those in CK1,S1 and S2 groups(P < 0.01).On Day 60,SOD in S1 and S2 group was significantly higher than that in CK2 group and lower than that in CK1 group(P < 0.05),SOD in S1 and S2 group was significantly higher than that in CK2 group and lower than that in CK1 group(P < 0.01),T-AOC in S1 and S2 Group was significantly higher than that in CK2 group and lower than that in CK1 group(P < 0.01),and TAOC in S2 group was significantly higher than that in CK1 group(P < 0.01).MDA in CK1,S1 and S2 group was significantly lower than that in CK2 group(P < 0.01),and there was no significant difference among the three groups(P > 0.05).Experiment 3: the effects of different treatments on slaughter performance and meat quality of red jujube1)Compared with CK1,CK2 and S1 significantly decreased the pre-slaughter live weight and half-clear bore weight(P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between S2 and CK1(P > 0.05).Compared with CK2,S1 significantly increased the pre-slaughter live weight and half-clear bore weight(P > 0.05),and there was no significant difference in slaughter rate among the three groups(P > 0.05).2)Compared with CK1,the liver index of CK2 was significantly increased(P < 0.05),and the kidney weight of CK2 was significantly higher than that of CK1 and S1(P < 0.05),but was not significantly different from that of S2(P > 0.05).The kidney index of CK2 was significantly higher than that of CK1 and S2(P < 0.01),and was not significantly different from that of S1(P > 0.05).There was no significant difference in the weight and index of spleen among the experimental groups(P > 0.05).The thymus weight and thymus index in S1 and S2 group were significantly higher than that in CK2 group and lower than that in CK1 group(P < 0.01).There was no significant difference between S1 and S2 groups(P > 0.05).3)Compared with CK1,the shear stress and dripping loss rate of the other three groups decreased,but the shear stress,cooked meat rate and dripping loss rate were not significantly different among the three groups(P > 0.05).There were no significant differences in L*(brightness),a*(redness)and b*(yellowness)among the three groups(P > 0.05).4)both of them can promote the reduction of mycotoxin residues in liver and muscle.To sum up: each group had no effect on feed conversion rate,feed apparent digestibility and Meat Quality Index.Compared with the normal jujube group(CK1),the defective jujube group(CK2)significantly decreased the growth performance,changed the blood physiology,antioxidation and organ index,and increased the content of mycotoxin in liver and muscle.The addition of montmorillonite(S1)could alleviate the growth performance,serum antioxidant index,organ index and the content of mycotoxin in liver and muscle of the defective jujube.Compared with montmorillonite group,mycophenolate mofetil group(S2)significantly improved the growth performance,restored serum biochemical indexes,protected immune organs,and reduced mycotoxin residues in liver and muscle. |
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