Retrospective Analysis Of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Diseases

Feline lower urinary tract diseases(FLUTD)refers to a group of acute or chronical lower urinary tract diseases in cats that are characterized by frequent urination,hematuria,dysuria,and/or urethral obstruction.The prevalence of FLUTD has shown a rapid increase in recent years.Owing to the multifaceted etiology and diverse manifestations,there are many challenges in clinical diagnosis and management of FLUTD.It is easy to cause death,if the affected cat is not treated in time.Moreover,long-term management is required to minimize the risk of recurrence.Currently,FLUTD has been extensively studied by veterinarians both at home and abroad,revealing it has significant regional variations.However,there remains a lack of regional incidence research on FLUTD in China.Therefore,in this study,cats diagnosed with FLUTD at a Pet Medical Group in the past two years in Shenzhen were used as samples to analyze the etiology,diagnosis,treatment,late management,and prognosis of FLUTD.The best treatment plan and management measures for FLUTD were summarized,providing references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of FLUTD in Shenzhen.Methods:(1)A total of 102 FLUTD cases were collected,and their breed,gender,castration/sterilization status,age,onset month,cause of onset,symptoms,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis were statistically analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS.(2)Four typical FLUTD cases were selected as the research subjects,and the etiology,diagnosis and treatment methods,late management,and prognosis were comprehensively analyzed.Results:(1)Among the 102 collected case,the British Shorthair cat had the highest incidence rate,accounting for 42.16%,followed by the Chinese domestic cat and the American Shorthair cat.There were89 male cats,accounting for 87.25%,and 13 female cats,accounting for 12.75%.Among them,the castrated male cats accounted for 73.53%,and the sterilized female cats accounted for 10.78%;the non-castrated male cats accounted for 13.73%,and the non-sterilized female cats accounted for 1.96%.The young male cats accounted for 33.33%,the adolescent male cats accounted for 49.02%,the middle-aged male cats accounted for 2.94%,and the elderly male cats accounted for 1.96%;the young female cats accounted for 6.86%,the adolescent female cats accounted for 4.90%,the middle-aged female cats accounted for 0.00%,and the elderly female cats accounted for 0.98%.The incidence rate was higher in adolescent male cats,while it was higher in young female cats,thus revealing that 0～6 years old is the main age group for FLUTD.Throughout the year,the peak months for FLUTD are April and July,and there was no significant difference in the onset month of affected cats.77.45% of cases were caused by multiple factors,with stress being the main cause,accounting for 55.88%.75.49% of cases had symptoms of frequent urination,and 57.84% had symptoms of hematuria,while other typical symptoms were relatively rare in this survey.The types of FLTUD mainly include idiopathic cystitis,urolithiasis,and urethritis.96.08% of cases were diagnosed by multiple examination methods,with the main examination methods being baseline examination,urinalysis,and B-mode ultrasonography.86.27% of cases were treated conservatively,13.73% were treated surgically,and 47% of cases had recurrence and sought medical attention again.There were 3 deaths,accounting for 2.94% of the total cases.The main late management approach was the continuous use of anti-anxiety medications,accounting for 56.86%,followed by controlling diet and water intake.(2)Four typical cases of FLUTD were diagnosed and confirmed as bladder stones,idiopathic cystitis,urolithiasis and urinary tract infection complicated with cystitis,respectively.Conservative treatment,conservative treatment,cystotomy treatment and conservative treatment were performed respectively,and all four cases achieved good prognosis.Conclusion: The main cause of FLUTD is stress,and therefore,the late management approach primarily involves reducing environmental stimuli.Conservative treatment is more frequently used than surgical treatment in FLUTD cases,but the recurrence rate of surgical treatment is lower than that of conservative treatment.With scientific and reasonable treatment and management,the recurrence and mortality rates of FLUTD can be reduced.