| Traditional villages are important carriers of China’s traditional agricultural civilization.Their public spaces bear the collective activities of villagers and serve as significant reflections of village cultural characteristics and the collective memory of generations of villagers.However,in recent years,under the guidance of rural revitalization strategies,the protection and utilization planning of traditional villages across the country have lacked indepth research on the public spaces of traditional villages.This has led to the destruction of the spiritual essence of traditional village public spaces and the neglect of the needs of villagers or tourists.As a result,these spaces are unable to adapt to the growing and changing demands of residents in modern development,nor can they serve as the carriers of traditional historical continuity.This article focuses on the traditional villages in southern Sichuan as the main research subject.Based on the overall evolutionary background of traditional villages in southern Sichuan and the historical,cultural,natural patterns,and socio-economic aspects of sample villages,it conducts field research on seven town-type traditional villages in Zigong City to summarize and analyze the types,current status,and functional evolution of their public spaces.It analyzes the two main material environmental characteristics of public space scale and interface,as well as the demand characteristics of resident behavior.The article explores the inherent contradictions between the supply and demand of public spaces in Zigong’s town-type traditional villages under the context of protection and development.It preliminarily identifies three major dilemmas that affect the vitality of public spaces from a demand-oriented perspective.Based on the above research,and combining frequency statistics,expert consultations,and preliminary surveys to identify indicators related to the vitality of public spaces from a demand-oriented perspective,a preliminary evaluation system is constructed.To further understand the genuine needs of residents that affect the vitality of public spaces,the Kano model is introduced to classify the indicators into four categories: attractive,expected,basic,and indifferent.After removing the indicators with minor effects on enhancing vitality,the entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are used to calculate the weights of indicator combinations.From the three dimensions of physiological needs,social needs,and spiritual fulfillment needs,a final vitality evaluation system is established.Three representative traditional villages are selected for empirical research on public space vitality,which verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the evaluation system.The weights and vitality levels are visualized using the IPA model,clarifying the priority of each indicator for transformation.Objective environmental data obtained from GIS,spatial syntax theory,planning materials,and on-site surveys are used to analyze the vitality evaluation results under subjective perception.The research reveals that the current public spaces in town-type traditional villages fail to meet the residents’ expectations for vitality indicators related to physiological needs,making it difficult for residents to fully elevate their demands to pursue higher levels of social and spiritual fulfillment.Taking a problem-oriented approach,this article proposes three overall activation paths for different types of traditional villages: addressing quality deficiencies and improving quality of life for endogenous villages,achieving industry and space synergy and balancing demand differences for exploratory villages,and exploring catalyst factors and achieving sustainable vitality for stable villages.Specific strategies and recommendations for space activation are put forward for the categories of transformation and enhancement and preservation and optimization,respectively,summarizing the entire article.Focusing on the supply and demand differences in public spaces of such traditional villages,this research broadens the perspectives and approaches for establishing vitality evaluation systems in the study of public spaces in traditional villages and holds practical value and significance for activating and sustainably developing similar types of public spaces in other regions. |
