| Water landscape is an important part of rural environment,whether in traditional villages or modern villages.It has multiple functions such as production,life and beautification.Under the background of rapid urbanization,in the protection of traditional villages and the construction of beautiful villages,problems such as unreasonable water system layout,declining water landscape quality,abandonment and even destruction of water conservancy facilities appear.This paper takes 27 traditional villages in the hilly area of Wenzhou as the research object.Through field research,from the macro,meso and micro levels,it summarizes the characteristics of the water landscape of traditional villages,extracts the ecological construction wisdom,and explores the protection,utilization and renewal strategies of the water landscape of traditional villages,in order to provide references for the protection of traditional villages and the construction of beautiful villages.(1)Characteristics of traditional village water system in Wenzhou: By combing historical documents and materials,this paper summarizes the overall characteristics of natural water system and artificial water conservancy in Wenzhou,and combines GIS to analyze the relationship between the gathering rules of traditional villages in Wenzhou and regional topography,macro water system and annual rainfall distribution,so as to master the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages in Wenzhou.The following characteristics are summarized:(1)The traditional villages in Wenzhou are divided into three areas,namely the Nanxi River basin of Yongjia County in the northeast of Wenzhou,the junction of Ouhai District and Ruian City in the central part,and the three hilly areas of Taishun County in the southwest.(2)Villages are concentrated in hilly areas with heavy rainfall and water resources distribution.(3)The location of traditional villages is consistent with the macroscopic trend of water system.Most of the traditional villages were built along the water system,forming dendritic distribution characteristics that extend outwards parallel to the direction of the water flow.(2)Water landscape elements of traditional villages in hilly areas of Wenzhou: By applying the landscape morphology method and combining the morphological characteristics of point,line and plane,the village water system is summarized and analyzed,and it is found that the traditional village water landscape is mainly composed of water mouth,farmland,pond,stream,ditch,patio and other elements.Meanwhile,the axis analysis and line of sight analysis in space syntax are used to quantify the accessibility and view range of village streets and alleys.The quantitative results show that:(1)The layout of water landscape elements will first solve the daily life of residents,and the basic mode is to build a group around residential buildings with ditches,which has strong practicability.(2)The layout of water landscape elements has a very close relationship with the road network.It is mainly built near the main street and extends outward to the secondary street.Besides,in the main street,village entrance or special public space with large flow of people,there will be the construction of ponds,Wells and ditches,which play the role of flood prevention and drainage and storage while regulating the microclimate.(3)Water landscape construction of traditional villages in hilly areas of Wenzhou: In the construction of water conservancy facilities,it is found that the water landscape elements are multi-level and interlinked.The details are as follows:(1)The water treatment is characterized by the collection of sewage rainwater at the source of courtyards,decentralized control of streets and alleys,and centralized treatment of adjacent water space;(2)The traditional water landscape facilities in villages are characterized by drainage and storage.(3)The construction of traditional water landscape facilities pays attention to local materials,adopts low-cost and low-technology methods,and the connection between water landscape facilities is flexible and changeable.Then the overall underlying surface of the village was quantified to analyze the rainwater discharge capacity.The comparison between the maximum rainfall over the past year and the surface runoff under the designed maximum rainstorm in the five-year return period shows that the proportion of village permeable underlying surface is high,the runoff coefficient is small,and the runoff and distribution storage capacity of the existing green space type is strong.Although the overall drainage mode is backward,the runoff regulation and storage capacity is obviously stronger in the face of rainstorm weather,and there is no potential waterlogging.(4)Water landscape protection and renewal strategies of traditional villages in hilly areas of Wenzhou: Based on the above research results,the ecological wisdom of traditional villages is summarized from the aspects of ecological site selection,drainage and storage system,construction technology,humanistic connotation and production efficiency.In view of the existing problems,this paper puts forward the methods of space construction and water management.The development strategy of traditional village protection and human settlement environment renewal based on man-water coordination is proposed from the three levels of region,village and courtyard.From the perspective of modern use value,under the premise of protecting the original ecological environment and natural(5)features of villages,the use of emerging technologies to avoid village water disasters from the source,reasonable installation of pipe networks to improve residents’ quality of life,and the use of local characteristics to develop new industries to promote village activation and regeneration. |
