Researching On Shipbuilding Along The Huaiyang Section Of The Grand Canal In The Song And Yuan Dynasties

In the Song and Yuan dynasties,inland river shipping developed,showing a "thousand ships to pay,Jing,Wan Zhan Yang,Yu" grand situation.During this period,the northern regime became increasingly dependent on materials from the South,and a large number of materials were transported northward,which promoted the flourishing development of inland waterway transport and the construction of cao ships.With the need of war,the proportion of warships and other ship types increased accordingly.Years of shipbuilding practice has made remarkable development and breakthrough in shipbuilding industry and technology in this section.In the aspect of ship-related management organization,the ship-related management system and scientific management system have been established along the Huaiyang Section.In order to meet the needs of grain transport and military affairs,three major ship management organizations have been established along the route: ship construction,ship handling management and supervision management.The ship management system along the Huaiyang Section in the Song and Yuan Dynasties was established through the cooperation of relevant management personnel.With the continuous optimization of various management organizations,the corresponding management system has become more perfect and scientific.This provides a good system guarantee for the development and technological progress of shipbuilding industry along the Huaiyang Section.In terms of shipbuilding activities,the distribution of shipyards in Huaiyang Section and their representative ship types are mainly related to grain transport and river defense.The shipbuilding industry in Song and Yuan Dynasties was divided into two categories:official and private.Under the guidance of central planning and local administration,three shipbuilding centers have been formed,namely Yangzhou government-operated shipbuilding yard and Zhenchu water-transport supporting shipbuilding yard.At the same time,along the line also appeared a certain scale of private shipbuilding yard.The central government dominated the shipbuilding industry in the region,and the construction of ship types was dominated by the construction of Cao ships,and various types of warships were built.The size of the ship is related to the water condition of the canal and the size of the lock.The production of battleships once exceeded that of fleet ships after meeting military needs.In terms of shipbuilding technology,shipbuilding along the Huaiyang Section has achieved technological innovation and breakthrough,making the ship structure more scientific and reasonable.The application of flat-bottom structure,beam reinforcement,watertight bulkhead technology,lap joint technology and balanced rudder became the characteristics of shipbuilding technology in this period.After years of accumulation of practice,technological innovation and development were realized.In the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the shipbuilding practice in the Huaiyang section of the Grand Canal laid a solid foundation for the third shipbuilding industry development peak.The unique geographical advantage of Huaiyang Section and the national demand at that time jointly promoted the formation of shipbuilding center with Zhen,Yang and Chu as the core,and established a relatively scientific ship-related management system in shipbuilding practice for many years.It has formed a shipping culture in accordance with local conditions and a market pattern jointly built by the government and the people.In addition to improving ship safety,it promoted the development and progress of shipbuilding technology and became a major feature of shipbuilding industry in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.