| Bougainvillea,originating in Brazil and Peru in South America,has been introduced into China for nearly a hundred years.It is a general name for the ornamental plants of the genus Bougainvillea in the Nyctaginaceae family.Due to its rich and colorful colors,long flowering period,large amount of flowers,and easy to maintain,Bougainvillea has gradually become one of the indispensable landscape plants in the process of garden landscape design.In recent years,the Hainan Provincial Government has proposed to give full play to the advantages of tropical ecological resources in Hainan,vigorously promote the development of the tropical flower industry,and focus on the development of flowers with Bougainvillea."2018-2025 Hainan Tropical Flower Industry Development Plan" lists Bougainvillea as the main flower production in the northeast and southern regions of Hainan.Against this background,the industry of Bougainvillea in Hainan Province has ushered in opportunities for development.However,as various Bougainvillea industrial parks and specialized Bougainvillea gardens in the province have made efforts to create Bougainvillea themed landscapes,the phenomenon of homogenization and shoddy production of Bougainvillea themed landscapes has emerged,which urgently requires scientific evaluation methods to be standardized.The Semantic Difference Method(SD)is originally a research method in the field of psychology,which typically uses adjective pairs(such as those rich in change and those lacking in change)to provide a descriptive summary of the research object,thereby digitizing the evaluator’s psychological perception of the research object.This method generally collects data by issuing questionnaires,using adjective pairs and evaluation scales as evaluation methods.It was first applied in the field of landscape evaluation by European and American countries,and later popularized in the fields of behavior and sociology.The use of SD method for landscape evaluation in China began in 1995.After more than 20 years of development,SD method has been widely used in many aspects such as park landscape,waterfront landscape,campus landscape,residential area landscape,forest landscape,plant landscape,and so on.In this study,we constructed an evaluation method for the theme landscape of Bougainvillea,collected evaluation data for the theme landscape of Bougainvillea through field research,questionnaire survey,and other methods,and then used semantic difference method(SD)and factor analysis to analyze the evaluation data for the theme landscape of Bougainvillea.The evaluation results are as follows:1.At the same time,this study conducted field investigations and questionnaires in 11 Bougainvillea theme parks in Hainan,Fujian,Guangdong,and Guangxi provinces.The data from the questionnaire were analyzed using the semantic difference method(SD).The final evaluation results were as follows:(1)The landscape quality of the main topic of Bougainvillea in sample 17 was the best,with a total of 15 items having an evaluation value of more than 1,and the average score of the evaluation was as high as 1.02;The landscape quality of sample 9 is second best,with 4 evaluation values exceeding 1 and an average score of 0.9;The quality of the Bougainvillea theme landscape in sample 28 ranked the bottom,with no evaluation value exceeding 0.7 and an average evaluation score of only 0.37.(2)The landscape quality of 11 Bougainvillea gardens is ranked from high to low,and the results are:Maling Flower Viewing Botanical Garden,Shanglin Furen Lake Bougainvillea garden,Hainan Bougainvillea Sharing Farm,Lingshui Nanwan Flower Town,Nanning Qingxiu Mountain Scenic Area,Shenzhen 2022 Rhododendron Exhibition,Fujing Gardening Bougainvillea basin landscape garden,Wanning Xibian Village,Fujian Kuntai Bougainvillea garden,Changjiang Juyuan Agriculture.(3)The comprehensive scores of the theme landscape of Bougainvillea in the four provinces from high to low are Guangdong(0.830),Guangxi(0.720),Hainan(0.624),and Fujian(0.615).(4)The ranking of the evaluation results of Hainan Bougainvillea Theme Park from high to low is as follows:Haikou Bougainvillea Shared Farm(0.72)>Lingshui Nanwan Flower Town(0.71)>Ledong Jianfengling Flower Township Cultural Tourism Zone(0.61)>Wanning Xibian Village(0.6)>Changjiang Juyuan Agriculture(0.48).2.Using SPSS27.0 software to conduct factor analysis on the evaluation scores of the Semantic Difference Method(SD),the analysis results were obtained:(1)The questionnaire data were subjected to KMO testing,with a value of 0.906,greater than 0.6,and the data passed the(p<0.05)test,indicating that the research data were suitable for factor analysis and the analysis results were reasonable.(2)A total of three common factors with feature roots greater than 1 were extracted,with variance interpretation rates of 30.390%,27.888%,and 18.763%,respectively.After rotation,the cumulative variance interpretation rate was 77.040%,and the corresponding commonality value of all research items was higher than 0.4,indicating that there was a strong correlation between research items and factors,and factors could effectively extract information.(3)Rank the three common factors according to the magnitude of the load factor:Common factor 1 is named visual factor,and there are five groups with a load factor exceeding 0.6,namely,plant diversity,color sense,vitality,change,and vegetation coverage;Common factor 2 is named perception factor,and there are 8 groups with factor load coefficients exceeding 0.6,namely,sense of order,comfort,hierarchy,refinement,sense of scale,sense of atmosphere,relevance,and attractiveness;Common factor 3 is named environmental factor,and its factor load factor exceeds 0.6 in five groups,namely,naturalness,landscape relationship,serenity,spatial sense,and coordination.(4)Calculate the weight coefficients of the three common factors in the 23 evaluation items,and construct scoring functions,which are F1=0.224x1-0.116x2+…+0.037x23,F2=0.088x1+0.243x2+...-0.28x23,F3=-0.08x1-0.19x2+...+0.418x23.The proportion of the variance interpretation rate after rotation is taken as the weight of the three common factors to calculate the comprehensive score.The formula is F=0.304F 1+0.279F2+0.188F3.(5)The final score of 39 photo samples was obtained,and the result was that the comprehensive score of sample 17 was the highest,with a score of 0.57,indicating that sample 17 had relatively high indicators for the evaluation of visual factors,sensory factors,and environmental factors,and had relatively excellent evaluation on visual perception,human body sensation,and the creation of a Bougainvillea themed landscape environment.The factor comprehensive score of sample 28 is the lowest,at 0.21,indicating that the sample needs to be adjusted and improved in all three aspects.3.Propose suggestions for improving the theme landscape of Bougainvillea in Hainan Province from the perspective of three public factors.Visual factor level:(1)Improve the rhythm of the Bougainvillea theme landscape and enrich the planting forms of plant configuration;(2)Combining local culture,create a Bougainvillea themed landscape with regional characteristics;(3)Choose more colorful landscape plants to enhance visual impact;(4)Improve plant coverage and optimize visual pleasure.Perception factor level:(1)Pay attention to the seasonal matching of the Bougainvillea theme landscape;(2)Improve the delicacy of the Bougainvillea theme landscape and improve the overall landscape quality of Bougainvillea.Environmental factor level:(1)Make good use of landscape and effectively combine it with the theme landscape of Bougainvillea blossom. |
