Research On Landscape Evaluation Of Urban Parks Based On AHP And SD Methods

With the development of the times and the improvement of Urbanization level,people’s demand for environmental quality has become higher and higher,and the urban environment has been paid more attention than ever before.As urban park closest to people’s life,this urban green space plays an irreplaceable role in improving the urban environment and the quality of life.However,while pursuing the quantity and efficiency of urban park construction,the phenomenon of similarity in landscape is common.Landscape evaluation of urban park is helpful to improve landscape quality,optimize touring experience,and provide reference for better management and improvement of landscape.First of all,this paper constructs a set of urban park landscape evaluation system based on AHP and SD methods from the perspective of visitors’ requirements,and evaluate the landscape of Taiziwan Park,Huagangguanyu Park and Liulangwenying Park in Hangzhou to test the rationality of the model with qualitative analysis,providing a feasible method for urban park landscape evaluation.Step one,the evaluation index system of urban park landscape is constructed by taking demands of sight-seeing,ecology and activity as the criterion layer,6indicators such as landscape image and spatial organization as the sub-criterion layer,and 18 indicators such as landscape richness and landscape coordination as the factor layer.Step two,consulting experts’ opinions,the weight of each evaluation factor was determined by using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).Step three,the Semantic Difference method(SD)was used to select adjectives corresponding to 18 indicators in the factor layer and design the questionnaire.The visitors of the park were investigated and the questionnaire results were analyzed.Step four,combining the results of AHP and SD method,the final score was processed in 100-point system to obtain the final score of three urban parks,and the rationality of the results was verified through field research and visitor interviews.Such an evaluation system combining expert weight and user experience makes the evaluation results more professional and scientific.Secondly,the landscape evaluation results of the three urban parks are as follows:Huagangguanyu Park(89.38)> Liulangwenying Park(87.94)> Taiziwan Park(82.54).This shows that tourists have a high overall evaluation on the landscape of the three urban parks,among which the park with the highest score is Huagangguanyu Park.As one of the most famous parks in Hangzhou,this park has high research value.The evaluation results are consistent with the reality,which verifies the rationality of the landscape evaluation system of urban parks based on AHP and SD methods.Then,Taking Taiziwan Park with the lowest score as an example,the landscape evaluation results are analyzed.Based on visitors’ demands of sight-seeing,ecology and activity,the author makes corresponding landscape improvement designs respectively :(1)optimize the spatial structure and highlight the landscape characteristics;(2)increase the native tree species and improve species diversity;(3)excavate cultural connotation,enrich activity space and improve public facilities.Finally,Combining research results with field research,the author summarizes the following suggestions for landscape design and improvement of urban parks :(1)Pay attention to local conditions and highlight characteristic themes;(2)Rationally allocate plants and balance the ecosystem;(3)Design with people-oriented theory and enrich leisure space;(4)Excavate cultural connotation and improve park quality.The landscape evaluation system of urban parks constructed in this paper based on AHP and SD methods can provide reference for the landscape evaluation of other urban parks.This system has certain universality,but the research objects have certain regional characteristics,so the applicability of urban parks in other regions needs to be further verified.