Research On The Wisdom Of Guanzhong Traditional Village Construction In Ming And Qing Dynasties

China has a long history of agriculture flourish,so agricultural civilization plays a profoundly significant role in the extensive and profound Chinese civilization.It can be said that the essence of agricultural civilization is intuitively reflected in those traditional villages that still exist today.Correctly recognizing the value of traditional villages is particularly important in the current situation of rural degradation and homogenization.Therefore,this article uses interdisciplinary methods,literature research methods,and field research methods to focus on the construction wisdom of traditional villages in Guanzhong during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Taking Dangjia Village in Hancheng as an example,it comprehensively analyzes how its historical development and changes affect the form of the village from five aspects:site selection,industry,architecture,public space,and survival safety.The conclusions are drawn as follow:Site selection is a decisive factor in the form of a village,and the natural environment attached to the site selection will affect the engineering design of village construction.Influenced by the concept of Fengshui,regardless of whether the location is habitable or not,villagers will make up for the lack of location through construction,making the village form tend to the ideal environment in Fengshui,and ultimately presenting a nearly ideal pattern.Industrial selection affects the form of villages through the differentiation of economic activity venues,and the higher the economic efficiency of the venue,the higher its central position.The change in the economic structure of a village will lead to corresponding changes in the spatial structure of the village.The differences in economic development will also lead to the differentiation of villagers and the competition for space.This process not only directly changes the architectural layout of the village,but also affects the formation of different dominant industries in different villages.Industrial development will also subtly affect the ideological concepts of villagers,thereby affecting the form of villages.Architecture affects the layout of the village,also indicates the social and cultural aspects of the village.In the construction process of traditional villages,attention is paid to the "unity of heaven and man".In the absence of resources,clan beliefs are used as a method to restrict villagers’ behavior of seizing natural resources.Architecture constitutes the physical space of the village form,defining the outline and spatial structure of the village form,and its architectural concept will also be amplified during the village construction process,forming a synchronous and isomorphic concept and space between architecture and village construction.The formation of village public space nodes is consistent with the development process of village demand.During the construction process of public space,the spatial structure of the village becomes increasingly complete.Public buildings usually occupy the central position of the village,while later built buildings often surround public buildings and gradually form the central area of the village.In the process of constructing public spaces and organizing public activities,various social organization systems such as clans,temples,and the elderly,have constantly consolidated and improved the central position of public spaces in villages.On the one hand,the impact of survival safety on the form of villages is shown in the construction of defensive fortifications,which ultimately shapes the spatial form of villages;On the other hand,it has also formed a relatively clear definition of village boundaries.In this process,the emergence and maturity of internal management organizations in villages,represented by gentry,have been catalyzed,and a system that conforms to the development needs of traditional villages and agricultural rhythms has been developed.At the same time,it can also cooperate with official public security work,which means that the needs of villagers and measures to meet them have been accurately expressed,ultimately making the village space meet the needs of villagers and achieving the goal of village space construction.In the process of space construction of Dangjia Village,combined with the historical context,we can see how a traditional village gradually improves its space structure and generates its wisdom of space construction based on the needs of social history changes and survival and development.Compared to other aspects of village research,due to the limitations of research materials,the study of village history is very weak,which manifestly shows in the fact that the research focus mostly on investigating the current situation of villages while historical research on villages is very rare.Therefore,combining the historical context,strengthening the study of village history has important reference value for solving the current problem of rural planning homogeneity and rural revitalization in the future.