Study On The Eye Movement Characteristics Of Drivers In Different Traffic Environments In Cold Areas

With the rapid development of China’s road and transportation infrastructure,the number of accidents has become increasingly serious,and it has become the world’s number one killer.According to statistical data,the number of accidents on urban and inter-city roads is highest,and in the winter months in northern China,due to the impact of climate and road conditions,the traffic environment becomes more complex.In this system composed of people,vehicles,roads,and their surroundings,the driver is the main factor.Information about vehicles and their surroundings is mainly obtained through human perception,so the driver’s factors become the most important factor in causing accidents.During the driving process,drivers mainly obtain traffic information through visual perception,so studying the visual characteristics of drivers is of great significance for improving the safety of road transportation.The research contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Firstly,the characteristics of inter-city and urban road traffic environments were discussed,and the definition and classification of these roads were introduced.Field investigations were conducted to analyze the traffic characteristics of inter-city and urban roads,including traffic volume,traffic composition,and speed.Secondly,a detailed introduction was given of the eye movement patterns of drivers,and the required visual parameter indicators for studying the visual characteristics of drivers in different traffic environments were tentatively selected.A testing platform was built,and driver’s visual information data was collected during real-car tests in urban and inter-city road environments.The data was then pretreated.(2)The visual behavior of drivers was mainly studied from the aspects of focusing and scanning from both the day and night driving on urban and inter-city roads.The changes in the duration of focusing,distance between focusing points,speed of scanning,duration of scanning,and amplitude of scanning were analyzed statistically.The differences in these parameters between different traffic environments were tested using variance analysis and the Mann-Whitney test.The analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the duration of focusing,distance between focusing points,and duration of scanning during day time driving,but there was a significant difference in the speed of scanning and amplitude of scanning.During night time driving,there was no significant difference in the distance between focusing points and duration of scanning,but there was a significant difference in the duration of focusing,speed of scanning,and amplitude of scanning.Finally,it was determined that the duration of focusing,speed of scanning,and amplitude of scanning were used as indicators for evaluating driver’s safety vision in different traffic environments in cold regions during night time.(3)A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on the AHP method was proposed to construct a driver’s safety vision evaluation index system for urban and inter-city roads.The AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to analyze the safety of driver’s driving in different traffic environments.The results showed that the night time road conditions of urban roads were ranked as level 2,while the night time road conditions of inter-city roads were ranked as level 1.Relevant improvement suggestions were also provided.