Study On The Sound Environment Of Xiangtang Mountain Grotto From The Perspective Of Place Spirit

The architecture of grotto Temple is the product of the spread,development and evolution of Buddhist culture,and is the main basis for the origin of Buddhist temples in China.Its acoustic environment has an excellent performance in highlighting the religious atmosphere,and it is easy to arouse people’s emotional resonance.In recent years,with the deepening of the investigation and research of the grotto Temples,the data related to the grotto Temples are gradually improved,but the research on the acoustic environment is still lacking.Different from traditional acoustic environment research,the study of "sound place spirit" combines objective physical environment parameters with people’s auditory subjective feelings to clarify the relationship between "sound" and "place spirit".The research object of this thesis is Xiangtangshan Grotto Temple.Starting from the basic data investigation,the sound environment measurement,software simulation and subjective evaluation methods are adopted to conduct a scientific and systematic analysis of the sound effects during chanting in the grottoes.The sound place spirit of the grotto Temple is fully and accurately explored from both qualitative and quantitative aspects,and the function and mechanism of sound in the grotto Temple is deeply analyzed.Put forward grotto Temple sound place spirit building strategy.By sorting out the basic information of grotto temples,this thesis establishes the acoustical environment research method which takes Xiangtangshan Grotto Temple as the representative of Sinicized grotto temples in China.Firstly,the concept of "sound place spirit" in grottoes is defined by combining the theory of sound and place spirit from the name of grotto Temples and the preliminary understanding of the special echo phenomenon in caves.Secondly,the five characteristics of the spirit of the grotto temple are sorted out through a large number of literature reading,which are: solemn,mysterious,solemn,empty and friendly.Then,the basic research and measurement of the acoustic environment of Xiangtangshan Grotto Temple are carried out,and the comparison shows that the sound field in the cave is relatively stable and the average background sound level is close to 35 d BA,which verifies the feasibility of conducting research on the acoustic environment in the cave.Then,the reverberation time RT60 of 6 typical caves is measured and verified by pulsed acoustic measurement method.A large number of acoustic models of 17 caves are simulated to obtain 8 acoustic parameters,and the variation rules of sound field between caves are summarized from four subjective indexes: spatial sense,clarity,intimacy and loudness.It is found that the factors that significantly affect the above indexes are the volume of the cave,the internal surface area,the plane type,the spatial depth and the directivity of the sound source.Finally,based on the analysis of the listening questionnaire and the comprehensive evaluation of the fuzzy degree,the subjective and objective comparison table of the sound field in the grottoes was established according to the influence degree of these elements,and the strategy of building the place spirit was revealed.It was found that the investigators generally evaluated the sound environment of the grottoes well,and generally believed that the Buddhist temple grottoes had a sense of intimacy,while the central tower grottoes had a sense of gravitas,seriousness and mystery.In addition,through the comparison of the key factors that affect the feeling of the place,it is found that the subjective evaluation results are basically consistent with the simulation results,and the volume,depth and decorative elements of the cave can significantly affect the spirit of the sound and place of the cave temple.This thesis is an interdisciplinary study of architecture,acoustics,psychology and other disciplines,and the results will be conducive to in-depth understanding of the evolution,development and historical significance of Chinese grotto Temple architecture,establishing a visual projection of acoustic environment and place spirit,expanding the field of acoustic environment research and promoting the protection of architectural cultural heritage.