| With the rapid development of the construction of mountainous cities and towns, as well as national attention to the construction of ecological civilization, rural land intensive use of rural settlements problems, more and more experts and scholars pay attention to settlements; For a long time, rural settlements in free state of development, spatial distribution of scattered, low utilization of the land, plateau mountain settlement due to the unique topography, natural resources and ecological environment. In the study on the rural settlement is more typical and special. The study of vertical gradient distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the vertical settlement of the plateau mountainous region can provide an important scientific basis for the development and improvement of the settlement.This paper in Yunlong County, Dali as the study area, based on the basis of 2014 Dali City Statistical Yearbook and ArcGIS10.2, fragstats3.4 platform software, using spatial analysis function and landscape pattern analysis and other methods, from two different levels of county scale and the vertical gradient analysis of settlement on the high mountain of space distribution characteristics and settlement distribution of the vertical gradient feature differences. Based on the cluster analysis method, combined with the vertical gradient of the settlement landscape pattern distribution characteristics and cultural, economic and social factors, the vertical gradient type of rural settlement; Using spatial superposition of ArcGIS10.2 platform software analysis function and buffer analysis, analysis of the natural environment, to study production environment of plateau mountain settlements vertical gradient distribution characteristics and the influence of cultural, economic, social, and settlement distribution relationship; Finally, based on the analysis results, the optimization of vertical gradient distribution in the study area is proposed. Main conclusions of the study as follow:First, in the county level, construction land in the study area and other compared with type, the smallest and patch density separation and landscape combined with than other poor, settlement in the county mainly presents Sichuan fonts zonal distribution pattern of distribution. Town with scale larger mainly presented the regiment like distribution, and rural settlements smaller distribution mainly showing punctate distribution.Second, in the vertical gradient, rural settlements mainly for five categories:lower vertical gradient smaller scatter distribution; relatively intensive, scale is larger and a zonal distribution of low vertical gradient, with the largest scale and patchy distribution in vertical gradient; many scale is small, densely distributed in the high vertical gradient; a few scale presented scattered distribution of the vertical gradient.Third, the natural environment (slope, slope, terrain, rivers and lakes) on the impact of rural settlements vertical gradient distribution characteristics of the main performance is:the slope and topography of settlement distribution has a significant effect similar to that in slope and topography of the area is relatively flat, but more often the distribution of the settlements, in different degree of influence on the vertical gradient, slope and terrain undulation is not the same, the vertical gradient of the lower region, the influence of the slope and topography of strong regional effects of weak vertical gradient of high slope; influence of settlement distribution is relatively weak, so the distribution of settlements in weak relationship with the slope to the overall in the river; the settlement distribution has a strong attraction, as close to the river, land is broken, so there will be many small settlement patches, and keep the river Certain distance, the degree of fragmentation is weakened, easy to form a larger scale of the plate. The production environment (roads and towns) to influence the settlement distribution mainly as follows:the influence of road of rural settlements has a significant correlation, accounting for about 75% of the overall settlement above is mainly distributed in the buffer radius 0-3000m, with the road density of different settlements in different vertical gradient regions are obviously different. The Road plaque dense distribution of more concentrated, along the road on both sides of the road network density distribution, low area, distribution of settlements scatter; in county scale, urban 0-7km distance, rural settlements distribution is concentrated in the dense, vertical gradient, mainly concentrated in the village town where the vertical gradient the. The influence of human society (population, economy, industry, etc.) on the vertical gradient distribution of rural settlements showed a significant linear correlation.Fourth, each vertical gradient in rural settlements there are unique characteristics of the landscape pattern, through the analysis of distribution characteristics and influencing factors of settlement, the distribution is not reasonable and the production conditions are difficult settlement put forward some optimization suggestions for improvement. First 2300m-2700m and 2700m-3700m two vertical gradient, the area is vast, but the topography and other factors limit is obvious, the settlement of many distribution in is not suitable for the construction of the ground, and the regional settlement more scattered distribution, natural conditions. Distribution of roads, and a serious shortage of urban distance should be priority sorting area, appropriate to consider "the relocation of the village and point" model of development; 750m-1300m vertical gradient, the land area is less, and the uneven distribution of settlement, may be appropriate to consider the settlement moved from arrangement; and 1900m-2300m 1300m-1900m vertical gradient of settlements distribution is concentrated, distribution is better, can be simple adjustment for center inside the village, regional development will be more dynamic. |
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