| In the case of infectious public health emergencies,medical personnel,important medical supplies and daily necessities,which can support to cure the infected and maintain city residents’ daily lives,need to be transported by highways.However,the highway also provides opportunities for viruses to spread.Poor control will cause large-scale spread of viruses in cities.Therefore,based on the characteristics of traffic travel and traffic control measures under the COVID-19 epidemic,this paper proposes a two-stage management and control strategy for the highway network under the sudden infectious public health event.That is,close the entrances and exits of highway toll stations in turn,analysis of various types of cost to determine the quarantine point setting scheme under the number of different closures,then select the lowest weighted total cost plan as the final control plan of highway network.Firstly,extract and process highway network card swiping data in the same period before,during and after the occurrence of COVID-19,compare and analyze traffic flow,temporal characteristics,spatial characteristics,etc.Summary of the travel characteristics of the highway.Due to the commonness of infectious public health emergencies,the feature that the total traffic volume of highways is significantly reduced but the vehicle path is basically unaffected applies equally to other similar events.Secondly,based on the deficiencies in the actual control measures,a two-stage control strategy suitable for sudden infectious public health events is proposed.The first stage is the control of the entrance and exit of the toll station,and the adjustment of the entrance and exit of the toll station is judged based on indicators such as the number of lanes,toll station traffic,the number of continuous closures,and the detour distance.The second stage is the control of quarantine points,and the calculation of the flow to be tested at each quarantine point and the detection scheme of vehicles on different routes are determined.Thirdly,the quarantine point selection model under two-stage control is evaluated and optimized from three aspects of personal travel efficiency,management cost and safety,and the delay cost,detour cost,detection cost,operation cost and exposure cost are analyzed.A zero-one planning quarantine point selection model is constructed with the goal of the lowest weighted total cost,and the genetic algorithm is used to determine the quarantine point setting scheme when different numbers of toll stations are closed.Finally,taking the Chengdu-Chongqing highway network as an example,1-19 entrances and exits are closed in turn,and the cost is calculated.The cost of quarantine point scheme is the lowest when 15 entrances and exits are closed.Compared with the actual control plan and the comparative control plan,the total cost is reduced by 28.6%and 21.26%respectively.Compared with the actual control plan,the detour cost is reduced by 6.67%,the detection cost is reduced by 27.15%,the operation cost is reduced by 5.43%,and the exposure cost is reduced by 16.92%.Sensitivity analysis was carried out with the number of closures as a variable,and it was concluded that the cost of closing 23 entrances and exits was the lowest,which was 4.2%lower than that of closing 15 entrances and exits.Compared with the actual control cost,the total cost is reduced by 31.6%,the delay cost is reduced by 20.59%,the detection cost is reduced by 29.44%,the operation cost is reduced by 31.6%,and the exposure cost is reduced by 21.04%.It is proved that the two-stage control strategy proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the cost of epidemic prevention and the risk of virus transmission while ensuring that all vehicles on the road network are detected. |
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