Research On The Morphological Characteristics Of Defensive Settlement In Tuncheng Ancient Villages Under The Congregation Of Clans

Nearly half of the traditional villages in Shanxi Province are distributed throughout the whole southeast of Shanxi Province.These traditional villages with strong regional flavor of architecture construction and planning layout show the calm temperament of southeast Shanxi after the test of time and reflect the living conditions of local villagers and the characteristics of social and economic evolution through the ages.It is the material carrier of the local agricultural culture and the integration of various cultures,and a true portrayal of the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture in southeast Shanxi.Tuncheng Village,as a famous Chinese historical and cultural village and a traditional Chinese village,is a typical representative of Chinese traditional settlements paying attention to the human settlement environment.The paper focus on Tuncheng village as the research object,on the basis of field investigation and literature study research,determine the architecture,urban and rural planning,geography,sociology,multidisciplinary research methods for Tuncheng village settlement space has carried on the detailed comprehensive analysis of the background.Paper combed through villages within the clan development,regional characteristics,historical background and village form to extract from their families and their defense influence Tuncheng village space form,and even in Southeast Shanxi part of the main factors of the traditional village space form,make up for the lack of ancestor to explore the social factors and the relationship between Tuncheng human settlements.After that,the thesis in village location layout,settlement integral space form,public space and yard space form village space elements as the research key,explores their families and their defense of these two main factors influence on Tuncheng settlement space form form,and in combination with the previous analysis,proposed a chariot city village to protect their own historical and cultural value characteristic development strategy.The paper is divided into three parts:The first part is the foundation of the research and contains chapters one to two.The first section is the introduction.On the basis of the study object and intention,this chapter reviews the academic research status in related fields,including clans-based traditional villages,traditional villages,and traditional villages in southeast Shanxi,which determine the use of multidisciplinary research methods for Tuncheng ancient village in-depth analysis of the background and human settlements based on the field research and literature study.The second chapter is the introduction of the relevant background of Tuncheng Village.Combining with the regional background,it expounds the characteristics of the natural environment and cultural environment of the ancient village,and focuses on clarifying the development context and the rise and fall process of the multi-family in Tuncheng Village.The second part is the core part of the research,and contains the third to fifth chapter,from macro to micro,from the overall to the study of local order to parse Tuncheng village constituent elements,in the third to fifth chapter,also points at the end of each chapter two,which respectively discuss the influence of clan factors on the spatial morphology of a certain type of Tuncheng ancient village and the defensive characteristics of the spatial morphology of this type.The third part is the analysis of the overall dimensional pattern of Tuncheng village,focusing on the morphological evolution and the site selection mode,the overall layout,the venation of the village and the defensive system characteristics.The next chapter analyzes the public space of Tuncheng Village,mainly summarizing and sorting out the types and characteristics of street space,ancestral shrines,temples and fortifications.The fifth chapter is the analysis of the courtyard space of Tuncheng village,trying to analyze the local architectural characteristics from the general courtyard form to the key courtyard.The third part is the practice part of the research,including the sixth chapter,mainly discusses the protection and development exploration of Tuncheng village.Based on the analysis of the historical resource elements of Tuncheng in the previous core part,the protection measures of Tuncheng ancient village are put forward,and the future development planning of Tuncheng village is preliminarily explored.This paper studies the spatial form of Tuncheng ancient village from three levels of settlement form,public space and architectural space,and draws conclusions about the defensive characteristics of the settlement form of Tuncheng ancient village and the influence of clan factors on the spatial form of Tuncheng ancient village.Specifically,the defensive features of Tuncheng ancient village are reflected in the following: the village is affected by geomantic location selection and war disturbances,forming a boat-shaped defense pattern dominated by material defense and supplemented by spiritual defense;defense consciousness into the public space,make streets space block cramped to confuse the enemy to achieve physical defense,the location of the public building five lines of be particular about balance to achieve mental defense;the defense awareness goes deep into the courtyard space,making the courtyard shape and layout tight,and the courtyard shape develops to a high place to achieve courtyard defense;these defensive features The defense system of Tuncheng ancient village has five levels of characteristics.The influence of the clan on the spatial form of Tuncheng ancient village is reflected in the following: the clans in Tuncheng live together and continuously improve the overall pattern of the settlement development.There is a certain spatial distribution relationship between the ancestral hall buildings and the residential courtyards in the clan,and the form of the ancestral hall buildings and the residential buildings are isomorphic;the construction and development of public buildings in the ancient village also coexist with the rise and fall of the clan in the village;The spatial distribution of the unit courtyards in the group is also centered on the ancestral house within the clan,and expands horizontally and vertically outwards according to the order of elders and youngest in the clan.Although this paper focuses on the case study of Tuncheng Village,which research ideas and conclusions can also be used as a reference for the research on the other traditional villages in southeastern Shanxi,which can enrich the theoretical research on villages of the same type and increase the content on regional architecture and traditional village protection in Shanxi Province.