Research On The Influence Of Environmental Regulation On The Ecological Efficiency Of Urban Land Use In The Yangtze River Economic Belt

Land resources are both an indispensable means of production for human survival and development and a carrier of human activities.Cities are a gathering place for production factors such as population and capital,and their development depends on land as a carrier.The economic development since the reform and opening up has been remarkable,but the ecological and environmental problems have emerged and human health has been greatly threatened,and the contradictions between economy development,population and resources and environment are increasingly intensified.As China enters the 14 th Five-Year Plan period and enters a new era of high-quality development,it is inevitable to abandon the old crude production methods that were oriented solely towards economic speed and quantity,and to explore a green and sustainable development path that takes into account both economy and ecology.Environmental regulation is a powerful tool for promoting green urban development,and its strength can also be applied to the ecological efficiency of urban land use.The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a key driver of high-quality development and an ecological security barrier linking the east,middle and west of China.In the context of "grasping great protection together without engaging in great development",it is important to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on the ecological efficiency of urban land use.This paper firstly reviews relevant research results at home and abroad,defines the concepts of environmental regulation and urban land use eco-efficiency,explores the impact mechanism of environmental regulation on urban land use eco-efficiency from a theoretical perspective and puts forward research hypotheses.Secondly,the historical evolution of environmental regulation policies is reviewed and the current situation of environmental regulation is analysed.The SSBM model,which takes into account nondesired outputs,is used to measure urban land use eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2019,and the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its internal areas are analysed by means of the nonparametric kernel density estimation method and the natural breakpoint method.Then,a benchmark regression model and a spatial Durbin model are used to analyse the direct effects of different types of environmental regulations on urban land use eco-efficiency and spatial spillover effects in the Yangtze River Economic Belt at the empirical level.Finally,based on the results of the previous study,we propose corresponding policy advice to facilitate the ecological protection process in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and conclude by reflecting on the shortcomings of the study and providing an outlook for future in-depth research.The main research findings are as follows:(1)The ecological efficiency of urban land use in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a whole and its upper and middle reaches show a fluctuating upward trend.From a spatial perspective,urban land use eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt gradually changes from high in the southwest to low in the northeast to high in the northeast to low in the southwest,with regional differences becoming smaller and showing a trend of decreasing from the middle to both sides along the main axis of the economic belt,with the overall efficiency in the middle and lower reaches being higher than that in the upper reaches.There is a positive spatial correlation between the ecological efficiency of urban land use in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,showing the spatial effect of "those close to the vermilion are red,those close to the ink are black".(2)The impact of different types of environmental regulations on the ecological efficiency of urban land use in the Yangtze River Economic Zone is heterogeneous.The impact of command-and-control environmental regulations on urban land-use ecoefficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone is linear and inhibitory,while the impact of market-incentive and public-participation environmental regulations on urban land-use eco-efficiency shows a non-linear positive U-shaped relationship of first inhibiting and then promoting.(3)The impact of different types of environmental regulations on urban land use ecoefficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone is also regionally heterogeneous.In the upstream region,the impact of market-incentive environmental regulations on urban landuse eco-efficiency failed the significance test,while order-control and public participation environmental regulations showed a positive U-shaped relationship with urban land-use eco-efficiency.All three types of environmental regulations in the midstream region show a non-linear relationship of inhibiting and then promoting urban land use eco-efficiency.In the lower reaches,market-based environmental regulations also have a U-shaped effect on urban land use eco-efficiency,but command-based and public-based environmental regulations have a linear inhibitory effect on urban land use eco-efficiency.(4)When spatial factors are introduced,all three types of environmental regulations have a U-shaped effect on local urban land-use eco-efficiency,but the spillover effects are different.However,the spillover effects are different.Command-based environmental regulations have a negative spillover effect on neighbouring cities.The spillover effect of market-based environmental regulation on neighbouring cities is consistent with its local effect,which is first inhibited and then promoted.Public environmental regulations do not have a spatial spillover effect on the eco-efficiency of land use in neighbouring cities.