Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Green And Low-carbon Utilization Levels Of Cropland In The Land Border Zone Of China And Influencing Factors

As an important barrier to ensure territorial and ecological security,the land border zone is strategically important in promoting the construction of a new development pattern of "double cycle" and a new pattern of food security.Along with the accelerated urbanization and industrialization,the sustainable use of arable land is facing a series of threats.How to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of the green and low-carbon use of arable land in the border zone and its regional differences,and identify the driving mechanism of the green and low-carbon use of arable land are important issues to be studied for the high-quality development of the border zone,which are important for guaranteeing national food security,accelerating the construction of ecological civilization,and promoting the stability of the border people.It is of practical significance to ensure national food security,accelerate the construction of ecological civilization,and promote the stability of border people.In accordance with the idea of "process-pattern-mechanism-path",the spatial and temporal evolution and influencing factors of green and low-carbon utilization of arable land in 45 prefecture-level cities in the border zone from 2000 to 2020 are studied.The study was conducted.Firstly,the SBM-Undesirable model,which takes into account the undesired output,is used to measure the efficiency of green low-carbon utilization of cropland in the border zone,and the spatial and temporal variation of green low-carbon utilization of cropland in the border zone is characterized by geostatistical methods.Secondly,the regional differences and convergence of green low-carbon utilization levels of cropland in the border zone are characterized by the Thiel index and the absolute beta convergence test.Finally,the spatio-temporal geographically weighted regression(GTWR)model was applied to identify the influencing factors of green low-carbon utilization of cropland in the border zone.The following conclusions were obtained.(1)The green and low-carbon utilization level of cropland in the border zone shows an overall "W"-type fluctuating upward trend,and the average value of green and low-carbon utilization efficiency index of cropland increases from 0.4021 in 2000 to 0.6517 in 2020,and the green and low-carbon cycle system of agricultural emission reduction and carbon sequestration continues to improve,and the carbon sink capacity of cropland continues to The green low carbon cycle system of agricultural carbon reduction and sequestration has been improved,and the carbon sink capacity of arable land has been increased.By region,the annual average green low-carbon utilization efficiency of cropland in the northeast border area is the highest during the study period,followed by the western border area and the lowest in the southwest border area.By prefecture-level cities,due to the differences in location,resource endowment,industrial structure and other factors,the level of green and low-carbon utilization efficiency of cropland in each prefecture-level city shows different temporal evolution trends,and most prefecture-level cities have a low level of "greening" and "low-carbonization" of cropland utilization.The level of "greening" and "low carbonization" of arable land use in most prefecture-level cities is low,and there is still some distance from the effective frontier surface.After 20 years of development,the protection of arable land in prefecture-level cities has gradually transformed from "quantity" to "quantity,quality and ecology",with more emphasis on promoting the "internal" development of arable land.The overall level of green and low-carbon use of arable land is slowly increasing.(2)The level of green and low-carbon use of cropland in the border zone shows significant spatially uneven distribution characteristics.In terms of trend changes,the green low-carbon utilization efficiency of cropland in the land border area shows a "zigzag-U-shaped" increasing trend from west to east in the east-west direction,and a "zigzag-U-shaped" increasing trend from south to north in the north-south direction,i.e.,the green low-carbon utilization efficiency of cropland in the land border area is increasing from west to north.In other words,the high efficiency area of low-carbon land use in the land border area changes from the west and north to the northeast and northwest.Based on the natural breakpoint method,the border municipalities with different green and low-carbon utilization efficiency of cropland are divided into five categories: low efficiency zone,low efficiency zone,medium efficiency zone,high efficiency zone and high efficiency zone,and the overall spatial pattern of green and low-carbon utilization efficiency of cropland in each border municipality shows the distribution trend of "high from east to west and low from north to south".The radiation-driven effect of high-value areas is enhanced,and the regional difference decreases over time.The evolution of the pattern of high-value areas shows phased characteristics,with the years 2000-2020 experiencing "two cores and one belt","multiple cores competing","multiple cores competing" continuation,"one ring and two cores" and "one ring and two cores".The characteristics of "one ring and two cores" and "polarization of multiple cores" change.The redundancy of input factors such as mulch,arable land and irrigation in the process of green low-carbon utilization of arable land in each border prefecture-level city also has obvious spatial variability.(3)The overall variation of green low-carbon utilization of arable land in the border zone has a certain tendency to expand,but the increase is not significant,and the overall change is characterized by a "W"-type growth,and the policy sustainability and elasticity are insufficient.The contribution rate of intra-regional differences is larger than that of inter-regional differences,indicating that intra-regional differences are the main reason for the overall differences in the level of green and low-carbon utilization of cropland in the border zone.From the further decomposition of intra-regional differences,the intra-regional differences in the northern and southwestern borders show a fluctuating increase and a large change,except for the differences in the northeastern border,the northwestern border and the western border,which fluctuate less.The uneven development of green low-carbon utilization level of cropland in each prefecture-level city restricts the improvement of overall green low-carbon utilization level of cropland.There is a trend of absolute β convergence in the green low-carbon utilization of cropland in the land border zone of China,i.e.,there is a "catch-up effect" that the low efficiency areas of green low-carbon utilization of cropland grow faster than the high efficiency areas.(4)The level of green low-carbon utilization of cropland in the border zone is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors.Natural geography,economic development,population agglomeration and technological progress have a negative impact on the green low-carbon utilization efficiency of arable land in the border zone,while agricultural transformation,environmental regulation,people’s welfare and opening to the outside world have a positive impact on the green low-carbon utilization efficiency of arable land in the border zone.To enhance the level of green and low-carbon utilization of farmland in the border zone,it is necessary to adhere to green planning to lead,promote regional synergistic development,and stimulate the green and low-carbon utilization of farmland "determination";deepen institutional innovation,increase green policy supply,and increase the green and low-carbon utilization of farmland "elasticity".Relying on big data empowerment,promote agricultural technology innovation,increase the transformation of green low-carbon use of arable land "thrust";promote comprehensive land improvement and ecological restoration in the whole area,enhance the ability of arable land to fix carbon and increase sinks,add the transformation of green low-carbon use of arable land "vitality".