Measurement And Influencing Factors Of Animal Husbandry Ecological Efficiency In Hebei Province

Animal husbandry is a strategic industry that constantly ensures people’s essential demand for high-quality meat,eggs and milk in the new era.It is also a basic industry to realize rural revitalization.As a major province of animal husbandry,the output value of animal husbandry in Hebei Province accounted for 5.61%of the total output value of animal husbandry in the country in 2021,ranking fifth in the national output value.The rapid development of its animal husbandry industry not only provides a large amount of meat,eggs and milk products,but also brings a large amount of animal manure pollution and greenhouse gas emissions,causing serious harm to the surrounding environment.Under the constraints of increasingly severe resources,environment and "double carbon"targets,realizing efficient ecological development of animal husbandry in Hebei Province is an inevitable choice to promote the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry and accelerate the construction of modern animal husbandry.Based on sustainable development theory,ecological economy theory,life cycle theory and externality theory,this paper firstly analyzes the current situation of pollutant emission and ecological governance of livestock industry in Hebei Province.Secondly,aiming at the economic growth and ecological environmental protection of animal husbandry,the index system of ecological efficiency measurement was constructed.The global super efficiency EBM model of undesired output was used to measure ecological efficiency,and the spatio-temporal evolution and spatial correlation characteristics were explored.Thirdly,according to the theories of sustainable development and agro-ecological economy,the factors affecting ecological efficiency were selected,and the spatial econometric model was constructed to clarify the factors that promote and inhibit the improvement of ecological efficiency.Finally,according to the research results,the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the efficient ecological development of animal husbandry in Hebei Province.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The output of animal husbandry in Hebei Province remains among the top in China,and the output of pollutants decreases in the fluctuation.The contradiction between"stable production and supply" and "ecological development" of animal husbandry has been alleviated.Specifically,the output of pollutants from animal husbandry showed an"inverted U" trend.In 2020,net carbon emissions from animal husbandry and emissions from fecal polluted farmland were reduced by 12.15%and 13.80%respectively compared with their average values;The typical ecological farming modes of animal husbandry include comprehensive utilization of resources,comprehensive management mode of the third party,and collection of farm households to return to the nearby land;In the ecological policies of animal husbandry,more support has been given to the comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure and the "ecological red line" of banning and limiting breeding,and the ecological governance policies have been continuously optimized and improved.(2)The ecological efficiency of animal husbandry in Hebei Province is developing well on the whole,showing a trend of transferring to high level efficiency,and the spatial agglomeration characteristics are more obvious.The ecological efficiency showed a fluctuating trend,with an average annual growth rate of 1.68%;From the temporal characteristics,the number of regions with high efficiency increased,while the degree of"bipolarization" weakened;From the perspective of spatial characteristics,the pattern of efficiency "high value area concentrated contiguous" is gradually prominent,and the spatial distribution of hot and cold spots shows a strong "group-like" clustering trend.(3)The main influencing factors of animal husbandry ecological efficiency in Hebei Province were listed in order of effect degree:animal husbandry industrial structure(-1.687)>urbanization level(1.604)>economic development level of animal husbandry(-1.366)>feed consumption(0.422)>technical progress of animal husbandry(-0.317).The innovation of this paper lies in the following aspects:(1)In order to expand the research scope of animal husbandry ecological efficiency,the index system of animal husbandry ecological efficiency measurement in Hebei Province was constructed from the perspective of the whole life cycle;(2)The selection of non-desired output index takes into account the environmental consumption,which more truly reflects the development of ecological animal husbandry.