Theoretical And Practical Research On Value-sensitive Desig

Value sensitive design was originally proposed by Batya Friedman in the 1990 s as a design method for processing information and computer systems.In her view,information and computer systems need to be designed with ethical values in mind to better meet people’s needs and expectations.Later,scholars around the world applied it to many high-tech fields such as self-driving cars,algorithm design and medical care.Value sensitive design can not only satisfy people’s value demands,but also promote the harmonious development of science and technology and human society,and make contributions to human welfare and social progress.This article systematically introduces value sensitive design from three aspects: theory,method,and practice.On the theoretical level,value sensitive design,as a theoretical system of technological design,considers existing value principles and comprehensively analyzes the role of human values in the design process.Its prominent feature is to place moral value issues in the entire process of technological design,covering multiple aspects such as stakeholder theory,"interactivity" stance,value tension models,and multi life cycle design.Firstly,the core issue of value sensitive design is to identify stakeholders,and the determination of stakeholders(direct and indirect stakeholders)can clarify which ethical values should be considered.Secondly,the key to value sensitive design is the "interactive" stance,which emphasizes that technology and society are a mutually shaping process,and the design of technology should fully consider its moral consequences.Thirdly,value sensitivity design provides a solution to value conflicts through the value tension model,which balances the relationship between multiple values through(value tension analysis)to avoid the occurrence of value conflicts.Finally,the important aspect of value sensitive design is multi lifecycle design,where some value conflict issues cannot be effectively resolved in the short term,while multi lifecycle design expects to solve problems through multiple generations of updates to technical products.At the methodological level,value sensitive design contains three iterative methods and 17 extension methods.The triple methodology of value sensitivity design includes: conceptual survey,empirical survey,and technical survey.Conceptual survey is an analytical and theoretical analysis of the central issue and survey structure;Empirical surveys use quantitative and qualitative methods in social science research to focus on issues;Technical surveys focus on the technology itself to determine how it supports or limits the value derived from previous surveys.Friedman summarized 17 methods from narrative,visual and discourse aspects based on the views of other experts and scholars as a supplement to the triple methodology,such as value scenario,value sketch,semi-structured interview of value orientation,etc.At the practical level of value sensitive design,this article analyzes three specific cases.First,it analyzes the value sensitivity design of autonomous vehicle from the perspective of responsibility;Secondly,design and analyze the value sensitivity of data algorithms from a responsible perspective;Thirdly,analyze the value sensitivity design of energy conversion from an engineering perspective.The case analysis based on the practical level not only examines the practical effectiveness of value sensitive design,but also further improves the theory and methods of value sensitive design.Value sensitive design has the advantages of comprehensiveness,extensibility,and durability,but it also has certain shortcomings,namely,the challenges of value selection,the difficulties of value evaluation,and the difficulties of value dispersion.Therefore,value sensitive design needs to be continuously improved from optimizing design concepts,improving the value system,and emphasizing the design process.In addition,with the application of value sensitive design in China,it is necessary to fully consider the actual situation in China,in order to deepen and enrich the value sensitive design concept based on China’s localization research.