| Xilingol League is located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.It is located in the intersection and transition zone of North China,Northeast China and Mengxin District on the division of animal geographical regions.At the same time,it is also an important channel for bird migration in Eurasia.With more bird species and complex community structure,it is an area where birds in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region need to be studied deeply.The species and abundance of breeding birds in three different habitats of grassland in eastern Xilingol league were investigated using fixed radius sampling method from april to june 2019,june to july 2020 and april to june 2021,respectively.the results were as follows:1.A total of 109 breeding bird species belonging to 18 orders and 34 families were recorded in this survey,accounting for 21.89% of the bird species in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and 7.53% of the total bird species in China.Among them,there are 42 species belonging to 11 families of passerine birds,accounting for38.53%,and 67 species belonging to 23 families of non-passerine birds,accounting for 61.47%.Among the passerine birds,the family Harriidae has the largest number of species,with eight species,followed by the family Harriidae,with six species,the family Burao,the family Corvidae,the family Orinidae,and the family Laridae,with five species each,and the family Yanidae,with four species each.Among the non-passerine birds,the species of the order yaniformes and plover are the most abundant,with 18 species accounting for 16.51% of the total species,followed by 8species of the order eagle,with 7.34% of the total species.2.Among the 109 breeding birds in the eastern part of Xilingol League,the Palaearctic(U)type was the most abundant with 43 species in total,followed by the Quanbei type(C)with 19 species,the Northeastern type(M)with 13 species,the moderate subtype(D)with 13 species,the irreducible type(O)with 10 species,the Northeastern–Huabei type(X)and the Oriental type(W)with 4 species each,and the monsoon region type(E)with 3 species.42 species of songbirds,accounting for38.53% of the total;27 species of swimming birds,accounting for 24.77% of the total;17 species of wading birds,accounting for 15.60% of the total;4 species of climbing fowl,accounting for 3.67% of the total;12 species of raptors,accounting for 11.01%of the total;7 species of land fowl,6.42% of the total species.A total of 7 species of national grade I key protected birds and 18 species of national grade II key protected birds were recorded in the survey.3.According to the topographic and vegetation conditions in the eastern part of Xilingol League,three habitat types including grassland,wetland and suburb were divided,and the bird community composition,richness,diversity,uniformity and dominance indices of the three habitat types were compared.Number of species:wetland > grassland > suburb;Richness index: wetland > suburb > grassland;Shannon-Wiener index: wetland > grassland > suburb;Pielou index: wetland >grassland > suburb;Simpson index: grassland > wetland > suburb.4.There was a very significant negative correlation between bird species in grassland habitats and the percentage of bare land(P < 0.01).There was a significant negative correlation between the number of birds and the percentage of bare land(P<0.05)and a significant positive correlation with the plant species(P < 0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between the bird diversity index and the percentage of bare land(P< 0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between bird species and wetland area in wetland habitats(P < 0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the number of birds and wetland area(P <0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between bird diversity index and wetland area(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between bird species and plant species as well as the distance to the nearest residential area in suburban habitats(P < 0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the number of birds and the distance to the nearest residential area(P < 0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between bird diversity index and plant species(P<0.05).Finally,the status and problems of bird protection in the eastern Xilingol league were analyzed,and the protection suggestions were put forward. |
