Study On Composition,vertical Distribution,behavior And Relationship Of Bird Community In Campus Green Space With Different Vegetation Structures

With the acceleration of modernization,urban green space gradually replaces natural habitat,and some wild animals begin to live together with humans in the urban environment.Birds are one of the wild animals most closely related to human beings,and they are also important indicative species reflecting environmental quality.At the same time,campus green space is not only an important part of urban green space,but also the survival habitat of urban birds.Reasonable campus green space design is of great significance for the protection of urban birds.Therefore,based on the ecological unit mapping theory,this study classifies the green space according to canopy density,vertical structure and plant type,selects 18 typical green spaces of Northwest University of agriculture and forestry science and technology as sample plots,and carries out 918 observations of birds,plants and environmental factors in the whole year combined with the sample point method and the sample line method,so as to explore the relationship between the composition,vertical distribution and behavior of bird community and green spaces with different vegetation structures,In order to provide theoretical basis and practical methods for urban green space planning and design with rich species diversity in the future.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In this study,24570 birds of 76 species,32 families and 10 orders were recorded,including 59 species,23 families of Passeriformes.The richness of resident birds is the highest,with a total of 39 species,followed by summer migratory birds,and winter migratory birds and traveller birds are the lowest.There are 6 dominant species of birds on campus and 7 endemic species in China.The richness and abundance of birds are the highest in spring,the lowest in winter and the lowest in summer.(2)The bird richness and abundance of semi closed and closed compound structure green space are the highest,and the bird richness and abundance of open single-layer structure green space and open compound structure green space are the lowest.The bird density of semi open compound structure green space is the highest,while the bird density of open single-layer structure green space and semi closed double-layer structure green space is the lowest.With the same canopy density,the more complex the vegetation structure,the higher the richness and abundance of birds.(3)The richness and abundance of birds in the arbor shrub layer are higher than those in the ground cover layer,and the higher the canopy density,the more complex the vertical structure,the richer the types of ground cover and arbor shrub plants,and the higher the richness and abundance of birds in the arbor shrub layer and ground cover layer.Among them,"closed + compound + authigenic and artificial mixed grassland + coniferous broad-leaved,deciduous and evergreen mixed forest" green space has the highest bird richness in tree shrub layer and ground cover layer,"open + single layer + authigenic succession Grassland" green space has the lowest bird richness in tree shrub layer,and "closed + double layer + artificial cleared grassland + broad-leaved deciduous forest" green space has the lowest bird richness in ground cover layer.(4)The number of bird species with habitat and movement behavior is the highest in the campus,and the number of birds with feeding behavior is higher.The number of birds that inhabit and move in the arbor and shrub layer is higher,and the number of birds that feed in the ground cover layer is higher.The number of bird species inhabiting,feeding and moving in the closed composite structure green space is the highest,while the number of bird species inhabiting,feeding and moving in the open single-layer structure green space is the lowest.(5)There was a significant positive correlation between plant diversity index and bird diversity index,tree shrub layer plant diversity index and tree shrub layer bird diversity index,ground cover layer plant diversity index and ground cover layer bird diversity index.The area and perimeter of the sample plot were significantly positively correlated with the Shannon Weiner index of birds,and the number of buildings in the sample plot had nothing to do with the bird diversity index.This study shows that the composition,distribution and behavior of bird community are closely related to the vegetation structure.In the future,we can improve the richness and abundance of birds in urban green space through more reasonable ecological led plant landscape design.