Relationship Between Vegetation Structure And Bird Diversity In The Green Spaces Of Urban Park

With the intensification of urbanization and rapid growth of population,the protection of urban biodiversity is increasingly crucial.As an important indicator of urban environmental quality,birds are easy to be observed and quantified.However,the unreasonable allocation of vegetation structure in urban parks has become one of the main factors for the low diversity of urban birds.Therefore,the research on the relationship between the vegetation structure of urban park green spaces and bird diversity is expected to provide theoretical basis and practical methods for the future planning and design of urban park green space oriented by improving bird diversity,as well as improving the quality of urban habitat and protecting urban biodiversity.Taking the typical urban park of Baoji City in Shaanxi Province as an example,the study classified the urban green space based on different vegetation structures and selected 15 plots of 5 typical habitats,and used method of sample with measurement and sample point method to survey of vascular plants and birds.The study analyzed the differences in vegetation community compositions and bird community characteristics between different vegetation structures,and explored the effects of habitat structure characteristics and vegetation structure characteristics on bird communities,and screened out significant influence factors through stepwise regression analysis.Further regression equations can be used to predict the abundance and richness of birds in urban green spaces.Finally,suggestions for urban green space planning and management to enrich the biodiversity of birds were put forward.The main conclusions were as follows:1.A total of 210 species of vascular plants,belonging to 66 families and 171 genera,were recorded in the study area.The vegetation richness and diversity of partly-closed two-layered broadleaved forest were significantly higher than that of open lawn and closed one-layered broadleaved forest,the vegetation richness of partly open lawn was significantly higher than that of closed one-layered broadleaved forest,and the vegetation diversity was significantly higher than that of open lawn.2.In the spring and autumn of the study area,40 kinds of birds were recorded in 3413times/pieces,belonging to 8 orders and 25 families.Among them,30 species of birds were recorded in 1345 times/pieces in spring,30 species of birds were recorded in 2068times/pieces in autumn.Pycnonotus sinensis,Passer montanu,Garrulax sannio,and Cyanopica cyanus are dominant species.3.The richness,abundance and diversity of birds were the highest in partly-closed two-layered broadleaved forest,and the lowest in closed one-layered broadleaved forest,and the abundance of birds in partly-closed two-layered broadleaved forest was significantly higher than that in closed one-layered broadleaved forest.4.In different vegetation layers,birds mainly inhabited and moved in the tree layer,but feeded off from the ground cover layer,and birds in the ground cover layer usually do not stay away from the surrounding shrubs.Among the green lands with different vegetation structure types,the frequency of each behavior pattern of birds in partly-closed two-layered broadleaved forest was significantly higher than that in other types of green lands.5.The richness of birds was significantly positively correlated with the area and circumference of the plot,and the abundance of birds was significantly positively correlated with vegetation richness and vegetation diversity,respectively.Moreover,under the control of area variables,the richness of birds was positively correlated with vegetation richness.The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the influence of plot circumference on bird richness reached a significant level,vegetation diversity and average DBH of trees had a significant positive impact on bird abundance,and two regression equations were obtained for predicting bird species and number.6.Based on the above results,make corresponding recommendations:(1)On the basis of not expanding the park area,the designer should design the green space with a large area as far as possible and reduce the probability of small green space,so as to attract and protect more birds and better realize the ecological service function of the urban park;(2)From the perspective of increasing the diversity of birds,the urban park should add the partly-closed two-layered broadleaved forest and partly open lawn,which are planted with two types of green space,and reduce the cultivation of closed one-layered broadleaved forest of single tree species;(3)Increasing the plant species in urban parks,and appropriately increase the proportion of trees on the basis of the reasonable combination of trees,shrubs and grasses;(4)Urban parks should be paid more attention to the division of functional areas,and distinguish the activity sites of people and birds by the arrangement of plants and the management of green spaces.