Characteristics Of Bird Community Under Different Urbanization Levels And Urban Birds’ Selection To Environmental Factors

Bird community is an important part of urban ecological system. In order to explore the differences of bird communities under different levels of urbanization, birds were investigated between 2013 and 2016 in green areas in Beijing, which is divided into urban area, rural area and mountainous area. The bird community data was analyzed to explore the characteristics of bird community and its relationship with habitat factors.Results showed that in this study,113 bird species belonged to 13 orders,42 families were recorded. Species richness(15.43±4.92) and diversity index(2.01±0.40) of the mountainous area were both significantly higher than urban(richness,7.83±3.91; diversity index,1.35±0.43, P<0.05) and rural areas(richness,11.66±6.82; diversity index,1.52±0.46, P<0.05).Bird communities varies in summer and winter. Species richness was significantly higher in summer than in winter in mountainous area while not significantly higher in urban and rural area. Urbanization weaken the seasonal dynamic of bird community.The distribution of common birds was influence by some habitat factors in urban areas. The richness of bird community was positively correlated with areas and tree covers significantly(P<0.05). PCA showed 32.05% variation can be explained by the number of trees, average height of trees, cover of trees, greenland area, cover of shrub et al.The distribution of different birds is not all the same. Distribution of 5 bird species(Dendrocopos major, Picus canus, Carduelis sinica, Nycticorax nycticorax, Apus apus) can be estimated by environmental factors. Birds lived closed to humans are less dependent on specific habitat factors. Passer montanus was recorded in all of the thirty urban sample sites, which showd highly adaption to urban environment. Besides, Pica pica, Cyanopica cyanus, Hirundo rustica, Pycnonotus sinensis were recorded in more than half of the sample sites.