Study On The Structure And Diversity Of Bird Community In Southern Hebei Airport

With the development of aviation industry,bird strike accidents are more and more frequent.In order to reduce the occurrence of bird strike accidents,the composition and dynamic of bird community,niche distribution of dominant population and the impact of lawn moving car on barn swallow(Hirundo rustica)flock in southern Hebei airport were investigated by using transect line survey in April 2017 to March 2018,the results showed that:1 Composition and dynamic of bird communityA total of 66 species of birds belonging to 29 families and 12 orders were recorded in the airport area,the density,activity frequency and Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H')of Passeriformes were the highest.In terms of spatial distribution,bird in various regions showed significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency,diversity index and Pielou evenness index(E)(P<0.05).Species number and activity frequency of sample area 4 were the highest;the bird density,diversity index and evenness index were the largest in the sample area 6;the similarity coefficients(S)of sample area 1 and sample area 4 were the highest.In terms of time distribution,bird in spring and summer had the highest activity frequencies at 6:00-7:00 am and 16:00-18:00 pm,while bird in autumn and winter had the highest activity frequencies at 8:00-10:00 am and 15:00-16:00 pm.There were no significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency and evenness index among different seasons(P>0.05),but there was significant difference in diversity index(P<0.05).The highest species number was found in spring,diversity index and evenness index were the highest in spring and autumn,density and activity frequency were the highest in summer and winter,the highest similarity coefficient in spring and summer,and 29 bird species threatening airport flight.2 Spatial niche distribution of dominant bird populationEurasian tree sparrow(Passer montanus),barn swallow,grey-capped greenfinch(Chloris Sinica),commom magpie(Pica pica)and eurasian skylark(Alauda arvensis)were the dominant species in the airport area.In terms of niche breadth,there were significant difference in the niche breadth of different dominant species(P<0.05).Eurasian skylark had the widest niche breadth in the whole year,followed by eurasian tree sparrow,commom magpie and barn swallow,and grey-capped greenfinch had the narrowest niche breadth.Among them,eurasian tree sparrow,grey-capped greenfinch,commom magpie and eurasian skylark had no significant difference in the niche breadth of different seasons(P>0.05),while barn swallow had significant difference in the niche breadth of different seasons(P<0.05).Eurasian tree sparrow and commom magpie had the widest niche breadth in spring and the narrowest niche breadth in winter;barn swallow and grey-capped greenfinch had the widest niche breadth in summer and the narrowest niche breadth in autumn;eurasian skylark had the widest niche breadth in autumn and the narrowest niche breadth in spring.In terms of niche overlap index,the dominant species in summer had the largest niche overlap index,followed by spring and autumn,and the smallest in winter.3 Impact of moving car on barn swallow flock in airport lawnBarn swallow had the highest activity frequency in the airport,which threatened the flight of aircraft.The distribution of swallow in the lawn of the airport was uneven,the number of swallow in the lawn area with moving car was significantly higher than that in the lawn area without car(P<0.01).Moving car has a significant attraction to the swallow,when the car started and drived for 2.250±0.228 minutes,the swallow begined to follow the car;when the car drived to 11.750±0.668 minutes,the number of swallow individuals behind the car reached its peak;the swallow stopped following the car and flew quickly out of the lawn area after the car stopped driving for 0.055±0.003 minutes.The swallow followed the driving car to form flock phenomenon,and had significant vertical stratification phenomena,the number of swallow individuals in the 0.25-1m height layer of lawn layer was the highest and significantly higher than that in other height layers(P<0.01),the number of swallowindividuals in the 1-2m and 2-3m height layers were also higher,and over 3m height layers,the number of swallow individuals decreased significantly.In addition,the insect number of lawn layer in the area without moving car were significantly higher than that in the area with moving car(P<0.01),but the insect number of different spatial height layers in the lawn layer after moving car were significantly higher than that in the area without moving car(P<0.05),and the insect number of different height layers after moving car were significantly different(P<0.05),among which 0.25-1m height layer had the highest insect number,followed by the1-2m height layer and the 2-3m height layer,but the insect number at the height above 3m decreased significantly.There was a significant positive correlation between the number of swallow and the number of insect(P<0.01).The result showed that the car driving on the lawn of the airport disturbed the insect in the lawn layer,caused the insect living in the lawn layer to fly,and led to a significant increase in the number of space insect above the lawn layer,which attracted the swallow to come to predate and form a flock.Therefore,reducing insect density and avoiding or reducing car driving on the lawn will be an effective measure to reduce swallow flock in the airport.