Structure Of Bird Community And Ecological Control Of Bird Strike In Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport

During May 2018 to April 2019,the bird species within the 8km2 around the airport,vegetation and invertebrates in the flight area of airport were studied.Bird community in and around the Jiangbei International Airport were investigated through transect survey,fiexed radius sample point survey and netting.Meanwhile,vegetation and invertebrates in the flight area of airport were also studied through transect survey and netting.Then,the characteristics of composition and diversity of birds in this area were analyzed,the risk of birds to flight was assessed,and the risk of bird strike in this area was defined.Furthermore,the relationship between birds and ecological food chain was discussed,and the daily activity rhythm of raptors was also analyzed.Based on the results,the ecological control measures of bird strike prevention were put forward.This study is aim to explore practical bird strike prevention methods for the expanded airport through ecological governance,so as to reduce the bird strike prevention pressure of the airport to the greatest extent.The results are as follows:(1)Composition of bird species: There are 161 species of birds,belonging to 49 families of 18 orders,were recorded at Jiangbei International Airport.According to the type of migration,there are 42 species of summer migratory birds,68 species of residents,48 winter migratory birds and 3 travelling species.According to the classification of protection,there are 21 species of national second-class protected species,all are raptors.There are 23 species were listed in the appendices ? of CITES,including 21 species of raptors,the Leiothrix lutea and the Garrulax canorus.The Aquila clanga is listed as a vulnerable species(VU)in IUCN red list.The dominant population in the airport area is mainly resident birds,among which the density of Passer domesticus is the highest,followed by the Columba livia.(2)Characteristics of diversity of bird communities: As for the spatial and temporal distribution,the number of species,population of birds,dominance and diversity index were the highest in autumn,while the number and diversity of birds were the lowest in summer.The diversity,dominance and evenness index of habitat types in wasteland and grassland are relatively large.As for similarity of bird community structure between different habitats,the similarity coefficient between the garden and grass habitats was the highest in the spring(s=0.8),and includes 26 shared bird species.The similarity coefficient between the garden habitat and the water habitat is the highest in the summer(s=0.718),including 23 shared bird species.The similarity coefficient among the garden and town and farming area habitat is the highest in the autumn(s=0.724),including 26 shared bird species.The similarity coefficient among the water region and the towns and the farming area habitat is the highest in the winter(s=0.621),including 27 shared bird species.(3)Risk assessment of bird strike: Combining the characteristics of abundant bird species and individual quantity in the Jiangbei Airport Area,7 factors including bird volume,bird quantity,bird occurrence frequency,bird flight height,bird distance from the airport,sample lines of birds emerged and cluster coefficient of birds were comprehensively analyzed.The risk of birds strike in the airport area were divided into 4 grades according to the risk values.There were 9 species is extremely dangerous,18 species is dangerous,35 species is general dangerous and 99 species is a bit dangerous.(4)The relationship among the birds,the vegetation type and the invertebrates in the flight area of the airport: There are 51 species of plants belonging to 20 families were recorded,mainly Gramineae plants,and followed by legumes.There are 2801 invertebrate specimens were collected,belonging to 43 families,13 orders of 4 classes.Among these invertebrates,the orthoptera insects were the dominant group.Invertebrate abundance is highest in August(D=0.483).There are 116 species of birds recorded in the flight area of the airport,including 4 species of plant-eating birds,58 species of omnivorous birds and 54 species of carnivorous birds.The seed bearing plants such as legumes are the food sources attracting plant-eating birds.There is a significant correlation between the quantity of the coleoptera the population of birds(P<0.05).(5)Activity rhythm of raptors: There are 21 species of raptors,belonging to 12 genera,4 families of 2 orders,were recorded in the Nanshan Plants Park.Among these,seven species of raptors have been found in the flight area,including Buteo hemilasius,Pernis ptilorhynchus,Buteo buteo,Circus cyaneus,Asio flammeus,Falca tinnunculus and Accipiter rirgatus.In spring,the largest number of raptors appeared in 10:00-11:00,while there are two peaks in the number of species,appeared in 11:00-12:00 and 13:00-14:00,respectively.In autumn,there are two peaks in the number of raptors,appeared in 11:00-12:00 and 13:00-14:00,respectively,while situation of the number of species is the same.