Structure Characteristics And Spatial-temporal Changes Of Bird Community In Xinmin,Liaoning Province

Xinmin is located in the central area of the Liaohe Plain in Liaoning Province,on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.It is an important stopover and breeding site for migratory birds.It is rich of bird species and its community structure is complex,but systematic studies on bird diversity have not yet been conducted in this area.Carrying out this research can provide scientific and detailed background data for local bird diversity protection and habitat management,and it can also provide an important reference for the Xinmin area to carry out economic development planning on the basis of ecological protection.From June 2019 to May 2020,we used stratified random sampling to systematically investigate the species and numbers of birds in the main habitat types of Xinmin.The main results are as follows:1.Based on the results of remote sensing interpretation of land use types in this area,the whole area can be devided into 7 habitat types,namely grassland,woodland,farmland,paddy field,village,river,and lake.2.A total of 27 sample points and 25 sample lines were set up in these 7 habitats,evenly distributed in Xinmin City.After a year of continuous investigation,a total of141 species of bird in 17 orders and 43 families were recorded.Most species are small forest passeriness,belonging to 20 families and 51 species.There are a total of 16 orders,23 families and 90 non-passerine species.Among them,plovers have the largest number of birds with 27 species in 5 families,followed by anseriformes and pelicans,belonging to 23 species in 1 family and 10 species in 2 families respectively.The avifauna is dominated by paleo-northeast,northeastern and all-north birds,and the eastern,central,and a few southern types have infiltrated and diffused into this flora.3.A total of 33 threatened bird species are recorded which belong to 17 families and 9 orders.25 species are listed in the "National Key Protected Wildlife List"(2021edition),including 3 species of National Class I Key Protected Animals and 22 species of National Class II Key Protected Animals.15 recorded species are listed on the IUCN Red List,including 1 Critically Endangered,2 endangered,4 Vulnerable and 7 Near Threatened species.4.According to their feeding habits,feeding location,feeding behavior and habitat,birds in Xinmin City can be divided into four groups:(1)birds that feed on herbivorous food on the ground or bushes by picking;(2)birds that feed on small aquatic animals or insects on the water surface or tidal flats by active attack;(3)omnivorous birds with various feeding methods and relatively miscellaneous food;and(4)birds that feed mainly on insects and their larvae in the canopy,trunk or air.The 4 groups share local resources reasonably.5.There are 77,81 and 80 bird species in spring,summer and autumn respectively,which are not much different.In winter,the bird species is the least,only 44 species.Birds are mainly migratory birds,such as passage migrant birds,summer breeders and winter migrant birds.The number of resident birds is relatively small.The proportion of two types of birds,passage migrant birds and summer breeders,is as high as 72.34%.The results of ? diversity analysis shows that the Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou evenness index were both the highest in autumn,and the Simpson dominance index was the highest in spring.Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the bird community was the most stable in autumn,followed by spring and summer respectively,and the most unstable in winter.6.The species of birds in rivers,woodlands and lakes are the most abundant,and the number of bird species in paddy fields is the lowest.The results of ? diversity shows that the Shannon-Weiner diversity index was the highest in the river,the Pielou evenness index was the highest in the paddy field,and the Simpson dominance index was the highest in the grassland.Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the stability of bird community was the most stable in lake and woodland habitats,followed by grassland,river and farmland,and the most unstable in village.