| Family is the first classroom of life,parents are the first teachers of children.Like tutors,like men.The American scholar Lalu divides the parenting style into "cooperative cultivation" and "achievement natural growth".The former is used in middle class families,while the latter is used in working families and poor families.Since ancient times in China,there has been a concept that "those who excel in study will be officials".In recent years,there has also emerged a phenomenon that "children from poor families are difficult to produce".0-6 years of age is the early growth of children,is also the most important period for the family to exert influence on children.Do the social phenomena described by Lareau also exist in our country? To study the stratification of preschool family rearing patterns in urban China and analyze the reasons can help us to further understand the "class gap" in education,so as to promote educational equality.In view of this,this study investigates 3524 preschool families in the main urban area of Hangzhou by questionnaire method,and uses interview method to have an in-depth understanding of 30 pre-school families' upbringing.According to the occupation of parents,preschool families are divided into basic class,middle class and dominant class.It also classified pre-school families into low,medium and high levels of education and income.In the formal analysis,class is taken as the main part,supplemented by education background and income,and the basic situation of the investigated preschool families in terms of educational expectation,daily life organization and daily interaction is presented.The study found that in the three dimensions of class,education background and income,the specific aspects of the investigated preschool family rearing patterns show roughly the same trend.The details are as follows:1.In terms of educational expectation,we mainly examine the expectation of academic qualifications and career.(1)In terms of education expectation,more than40% of preschool families hope their children to obtain a master's degree or above,and nearly 30% of preschool families take the "natural course" approach.The higher the class,educational background and income of the preschool family,the higher their expectation of the child's educational background.(2)In terms of career expectation,more than 50% of preschool families hope their children to become professional and technical personnel,and nearly 30% of preschool families take the "let nature take its course".Preschool families have complex career expectations,and there is no certain regularity in class,education background and income.2.In terms of daily life organization,it mainly investigates the family collection of books,toys,going to cultural places,attending interest classes,family education investment,daily time arrangement and so on.(1)In terms of family books,more than60% of preschool families have more than 51 books,among which the majority of children's books are enlightening books(nearly 30%).The higher the class,educational background and income of the preschool family,the larger the collection of books in the family,and the more inclined the children's books are to "science general".(2)In terms of family toys,nearly 40% of families have more than 50 toys,among which "construction" toys are the majority(more than 40%).The higher the class,education level and income of the preschool family,the more toys the family has.In terms of toy types,the higher the class and educational level of preschool families,the more "constructional" toys they have.(3)In terms of going to cultural places,nearly 40% of preschool families go to cultural places once a quarter,the main purpose of which is to bring children to broaden their knowledge.The higher the class,educational background and income of the preschool family,the higher the frequency of parents taking their children to cultural places;The higher the class and educational background of the preschool family,the more the parents aim to increase their knowledge.(4)In the interest class,about 70% of the preschool families believe that interest classes are essential and their children participate in interest classes,more than 20% of the preschool families participate in two interest classes for their children,more than 40% of the preschool families choose art or subject interest classes for their children.Preschool family class,education,income is higher,to the child to participate in the interest of the class number is more,more rich types,the parents of the interest of the class of the attention is higher,but the "utilitarian" is also more heavy.(5)In terms of the proportion of educational investment,40% of preschool families' educational investment is concentrated between 11-20%,but the middle class,high education level and middle income level preschool families' educational investment accounts for a larger proportion.(6)In terms of daily schedule,children from preschool families spend more time on "free play" and "interest classes".The higher the class,educational background and income of the preschool family,the higher the degree of organization of the children's daily life,and the more time they spend in "interest classes" and "playing and reading with their families".3.In terms of daily interaction,it mainly investigates the interaction between parents and children,the interaction between parents and kindergartens and children's performance in public places.(1)In terms of the interaction between parents and children,nearly 90% of parents use reasoning education for their children,and nearly80% of parents use mutual consultation when communicating with children.In terms of language training goals,nearly 90% of parents pay attention to their children's vocabulary,expression ability and self-position.The higher the class,educational background and income of parents,the more inclined they are to use reasoning education and equal negotiation and communication,and the more important they are to their children's language vocabulary,expression ability and self-position.On the contrary,the lower the parents' class,educational background and income,the more inclined they are to cultivate their children's language compliance.(2)In terms of the interaction between parents and kindergartens,more than 50% of parents communicate with kindergartens 2-4 times in a semester,nearly 80% of parents are comfortable in communicating with kindergartens,and more than 50% of parents communicate with teachers mainly in two-way communication.The higher the class,educational background and income of the parents,the more frequent the contact with the teachers,the more comfortable the state,and the more inclined to two-way communication.(3)In terms of children's performance in public places,nearly 60%of children are more comfortable in public places.The higher the class and income level of the preschool family,the more comfortable the child will be in public.Compared with Lareau's study,this study found that the parenting style of preschool families in the main urban area of Hangzhou is not binary.Although preschool class the basis of the achievement "natural growth" widely used family,class and middle class' s preschool family widely used "collaborative culture",but there are part of the base class' s preschool family USES the "collaborative training",also have some advantages to class and middle class preschool families adopt "natural growth".Specifically,"cooperative training" is also adopted.The preschool families of the dominant class and the middle class are in order to cultivate their children's diversified competitiveness,but the preschool families of the basic class mainly focus on the children's intellectual education,in order to cultivate their class flow power.Similarly,the "achievement of natural growth",the children of the dominant class and the middle class preschool family is in the parents' careful planning of natural growth,the children of the basic class preschool family is the lack of parental planning of natural growth.In view of the above research findings,the following suggestions are proposed:1.For the advantaged class and middle class preschool families who adopt "cooperative cultivation",parents should correctly deal with educational anxiety and find a balance between personal life and childcare;2.For the basic class preschool families that adopt "cooperative cultivation",the tendency of academic education should be avoided.Parents should not only create a good atmosphere of family education,but also correctly view the connection between children and children in the future.3.For the basic class preschool families that adopt the "achievement of natural growth",parents should pay attention to the growth of children,appropriately increase the family's cultural products,try to maintain similar educational standards with the kindergarten,and be patient and confident in the development of children;4.For the preschool families who adopt the dominant class and middle class of "achieving natural growth",parents should avoid the dogmatic education of scientism. |
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