A Study On The Correlation Between Self-efficacy And Health Literacy Of Rural Empty-nest Elderly

Purpose:In this study,by investigating the general situation,the self-efficacy and health literacy of rural empty-nesters,the purpose of this study is to understand the overall level and the level of each dimension of health literacy,and then to explore the influencing factors of health literacy of rural empty-nesters,and to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and health literacy of rural empty-nesters.To seek ways and approaches to improve and enhance the health literacy level of rural empty-nesters from the perspective of self-efficacy.Objects and methods:In this study,the method of convenience sampling is adopted in this study.From October2019 to October 2020,176 rural empty nesters in rural areas of Liaoning province who meet the discharge standards are selected as the research objects for investigation.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to exclude the samples with cognitive dysfunctions;The General self-efficacy Scale(GSES)was used to investigate the level of self-efficacy of rural empty-nesters;The Chinese Residents Health Literacy Questionnaire which was developed by the state,was used to investigate the health literacy level of the empty-nest elderly in rural areas.A self-developed general information questionnaire was used to investigate the impact of sociodemographic and other factors on health literacy,and to explore the relationship between self-efficacy and health literacy among rural empty-nesters.Excel software was used to double-check and input the collected data,and SPSS 24.0statistical software was used to conduct statistical analysis of the data.The social demographic characteristics,self-efficacy and health literacy of rural empty-nesters were described by mean,standard and composition ratiodeviation.ANOVA and independent sample t-test were used to compare the level of health literacy of different sociodemographic characteristics.To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and health literacy of rural empty-nesters,which was used the Pearson correlation analysis.To explore the main influencing factors of health literacy of rural empty-nesters,which was used the Multiple linear regression.Results:1.The average score of self-efficacy of rural empty-nesters was(22.94±6.25),28.6 points below the international norm,which was at the middle level and close to the boundary between the middle and the low level.Among them,the people with low level of self-efficacy accounted for 26.1%,the people with medium level of self-efficacy accounted for 59.7%,and the people with high level of self-efficacy accounted for 14.2%.2.The level of health literacy of rural empty-nesters was 7.4%.From high to low,the level of the three dimensions were as follows:basic knowledge and concept literacy of healthy(17.0%),lifestyle and behavior literacy of healthy(14.2%),and basic skills literacy of health(11.4%).From high to low,the literacy level of the six types of health problems were respectively:first aid(46.6%),scientific view of health(18.8%),prevention and treatment of infectious diseases(15.3%),health information(15.3%),basic medical care(10.8%),and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases(10.2%).3.The results of univariate analysis of health literacy of rural empty-nesters showed,there were statistical significance in health literacy among different genders,ages,educational levels,chronic diseases,family members engaged in medical care,empty nest time,living style,monthly family income,main economic sources,medical expenses payment and health education(P < 0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that five variables,including gender,age,education level,empty nest time and health education,were included into the regression equation of health literacy of rural empty nesters,with statistical significance(P <0.05).4.Rural empty nest elderly health literacy level of three dimension single factor analysis,according to the results of different gender,age,cultural level,health,family engaged in medical work,living style,medical treatment charge payments,and health education on the health of the basic knowledge and concept of statistical significance(P < 0.05).Different gender,age,education level,physical condition,living style,family monthly income,main economic sources,medical expenses payment,and health education had statistical significance for healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy(P < 0.05).Different gender,age,education level,physical condition,whether suffering from chronic disease,family engaged in medical work,empty nest time,living style,marital status,monthly family income,main economic source,medical expenses payment,and health education had statistical significance for basic health skills(P < 0.05).5.Pearson correlation analysis results showed that self-efficacy the correlated with total score and various dimensions of rural empty-nesters health literacy were positively(r=0.707,P<0.01).Conclusion:1.The self-efficacy score of rural empty-nesters is at the middle level,and the proportion of people with high self-efficacy is the lowest.Therefore,the self-efficacy level of rural empty-nesters should be actively evaluated and improved.2.The level of health literacy of rural empty-nesters is low.Therefore,attention should be paid to the level of health literacy of rural empty-nesters and targeted intervention measures should be given.3.From high to low,the literacy levels of three dimensions of health literacy of rural empty-nesters are respectively the literacy of basic health knowledge and ideas,the literacy of healthy lifestyle and behavior,and the literacy of basic health skills,indicating that the process of transforming health-related knowledge into basic skills is difficult.Among the six types of health problems of health literacy,the literacy of basic medical care and chronic disease prevention and treatment is low.Therefore,this can be an opportunity for future health education work.4.Factors affecting the overall level of health literacy of rural empty-nesters include gender,age,educational level,empty-nester time,and health education.5.Between self-efficacy and health literacy of rural empty-nesters has significant positive correlation.The higher level of self-efficacy,the higher score and the level of health literacy is,the higher of the health management ability and health status.therefore,should be through targeted measures to improve the level of self-efficacy,and improve the level of health literacy,improve rural empty nest elderly quality of life.