| Objectives:1.To develop a urban empty-nesters home safety risk factor assessment scale,and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale.2.To use the developed scale to find out and analyze the current state and influencing factors of urban empty-nesters home safety,which can contribute to develop the intervention measures of improve the home safety of empty-nesters.Methods:1.Using the purpose sampling method,a semi-structured interview was conducted among 13 community empty-nesters and 10 community health service workers in Fuzhou City,Fujian Province from January to April 2018.Nvivo11.0 software and Colaizzi's seven-step analysis were used to analyzes the data for the purpose of comprehensively investigating the risk factors for the safety of empty nesters in urban communities.2.The preliminary item pool of urban empty-nesters home safety risk factor assessment scales were formed based on the qualitative research results,literature review,expert's consultation and referencing existing assessment tools.Through two rounds of Delphi method,the items of the scale were revised and pretesting scale was developed.The survey was conducted with 530 community empty-nesters in Fujian Province.The scale was finally formed through items analysis validities and reliabilities test.3.Totally 250 community empty-nesters people in Fujian Province were conveniently recruited for household survey from November 20 to January 2019.And descriptive statistics,independent sample t-test,one-way ANOVA and multiple linearity gradual regression were used to analyze the status quo and influencing factors of urban empty-nesters home safety.Results:1.Through the analysis of qualitative interview data,the risk factors for home safety problems of empty-nesters can be summarized as five major aspects: poor health,lack of safety awareness,unsafe environmental factors,lack of support and help,and poor mental state.2.A preliminary urban empty-nesters home safety risk factor assessment scale including five categories,18 subcategories indicators and 66 items were constructed.Through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,a Uen-HAS scale with five categories,20 subcategories indicators and 66 items were constructed.After item selection and exploratory factor analysis,23 items were removed.A formal Uen-HAS scale including 55 items was established.Reliability and validity test:(1)Validity: the expert content validity and discriminant validity were both meet the requirements;Structural validity: The factor load of physiological factor domain was 0.554~0.909,psychological factor domain was 0.470~0.846,the social support factor domain was 0.427~0.855,the safety KAP domain was 0.437~0.841,and the environmental factor domain was 0.411~0.802.Predictive validity: when the cut-off value was 99,the largest Youden index was 0.571,and the sensitivity was 70.3%;the specificity was 86.7%.(2)Reliability: The Cronbach's ?coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.896,the Cronbach's ? coefficient of different dimension varied from 0.615 to 0.862;the interrater reliability was 0.804.3.The incidence of home safety problems in 234 urban community empty-nesters in recent one year was 38.03%(89 cases),the most common safety problems of home security problems were falls(30.18%),medication error(18.34%),acute onset of disease(15.98%).The total score of Uen-HAS scales for 89 empty nesters who had happened with home safety problems was 97.66±16.46.The highest score domain was the safety KAP factor 2.11±0.85,and the lowest score was the psychological 1.41±0.86.4.After independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance,there was a statistically significant difference in the score of the Uen-HAS scale(P<0.05)among the empty-nesters with different demographic characteristics(gender,age,marital status,education level,personal monthly income,medical payment residence mode and children's place of residence).Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the Uen-HAS scale were from individual to monthly income age,and marital status.Conclusions:1.The Urban empty-nesters Home Safety Risk Factor Assessment Scale developed in this study can reflect the theoretical framework which was put forward in the initial design.It has good reliability and validity through expert consultation and large sample verification research,and has good predictability for home safety issues.It is a suitable assessment tool for empty-nesters in the city to find out the home safety risk factors.2.The incidence of home safety problems for urban empty-nesters is high in Fuzhou.The scores of urban empty-nesters home safety risk factors were at the uppermiddle level.Personal monthly income,age and marital status are the main factors affect the scores of Uen-HAS scale,which suggests that relevant departments and agencies should pay more attention to the safety of the elderly who was widowed,old,and has low monthly income. |
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