| With the rapid development of social economy,the development of urban and rural integration,the construction of beautiful villages,the strategic layout of rural revitalization,and the establishment of a well-off society in an all-round way,it is of fundamental and theoretical significance to study the development and distribution characteristics of rural settlements.The analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the rural settlements in Ninger County is helpful to clarify the human settlement environment system in Ninger County and the establishment of the basic characteristics of the spatial and spatial distribution of the rural settlements in Ninger County is important for promoting the poverty alleviation and further implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.Provide theoretical basis for future rural planning.With the development of science and technology,satellite remote sensing technology has become one of the important means of settlement research.At present,there are more and more mature research results on settlements using remote sensing,mainly concentrated in relatively flat terrain and areas with rapid economic development,and relatively few studies on mountainous areas with relatively complicated terrain.Yunnan Province is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region with complex terrain.Ninger Hani and Yi Autonomous County in Puer City is a minority autonomous county.The development between the dam area and the rural settlement in the mountainous area is typical of differences.The analysis of the spatial distribution and spatial change of dam and mountain areas rural settlements in Ninger County at different times and with different influencing factors is a hotspot of rural settlement research.The article is mainly divided into three parts.First,it uses RS and GIS technology to extract the rural settlements in the study area.Secondly,it analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of dam and mountain areas rural settlements,and then analyzes the development and evolution characteristics of dam and mountain areas rural settlements.Summarize the distribution characteristics of various regions,and select typical areas according to different emphases to carry out detailed studies,and obtain the spatial and temporal distribution law of regional rural settlements in dam and mountain areas and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trend changes of rural settlements in Ninger County.Finally obtained the following research results:(1)Taking Landsat images as the data source,remote sensing classification technology was used to extract rural settlements in the research area.Three classification methods are used,which are decision tree classification based on expert knowledge,object-oriented classification based on SVM,and object-oriented classification based on K-adjacent,and the accuracy is verified.Compared with object-oriented and decision tree classification methods,the overall accuracy of decision tree classification methods is low,indicating that the extraction effect of decision tree classification methods in mountainous areas with complex terrain is not good.In the object-oriented classification method,support vector machine(SVM)and K-adjacent algorithms are used to classify settlements,and it is found that SVM-based object-oriented classification has higher overall accuracy and better consistency of kappa coefficient.Therefore,in the research discussion of this article,the object-oriented classification method based on SVM is selected to extract the rural settlements in the study area for later analysis.(2)Analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of dam and mountain areas village settlements in Ninger county.Using the remote sensing interpretation results to make a thematic map of dam and mountain areas rural settlements,taking dam and mountain areas rural settlements in 2018 as an example,the spatial distribution characteristics of dam and mountain areas rural settlements were analyzed from the aspects of spatial distribution,size characteristics,population density and influencing factors.It is concluded that the mountainous area has more land area,relatively less settlement area,small population density,small settlement scale,more map spots,strip distribution and scattered distribution.The land area in the dam area is small,the settlement area is large,the settlement scale is large,the map spot is small,the population density is large,the settlement distribution is concentrated and contiguous.Affected by the mountainous terrain,the elevation of rural settlements in mountain areas is higher than that in dam area.The main elevation suitable for people to live in rural settlements in mountain areas is below 1700 m,while the elevation of rural settlements in dam area is below 1500 m.The settlement area between 0 and 1km in dam and mountain areas village occupies the largest proportion.With the increase of road buffer zone,the settlement area of mountain area varies irregularly,and the settlement area of dam area decreases with the increase of road buffer zone.In general,there are obvious differences in the spatial distribution of village settlements.(3)With the change of time and the dynamic change analysis of rural settlements in dam and mountain areas with the development of time was studied.Using the data of rural settlements in 2000,2009 and 2018,this paper discusses the changes of rural settlements in dam and mountain areas in the past 18 years by means of landscape pattern index,settlement expansion rate and buffer analysis.From2000-2018,the change of the rural settlements is different,but the overall change in the same direction,settlement area is increasing,the expansion of rural settlements in the dam area is larger than that in the mountain area and the settlement scale in the dam area is larger than that in the mountain area.With the change of time,the rural settlements in mountainous areas are clustered in strips and distributed unevenly.The population density of rural settlements in dam and mountain areas is increasing.The roads in the mountainous area are single and the roads in the dam area are even.From2000 to 2009,the area of rural settlements in dam and mountain areas expanded significantly,and the change of rural settlements in mountainous areas was greater than that in dam area,and the average annual expansion rate was greater than that in dam area.From 2009 to 2018,the settlement area of dam and mountain areas village shows an increasing trend,the settlement area of mountainous area increases slowly,while the settlement area of dam area increases rapidly.At the same time,the population of settlements in mountainous areas decreased,and the population of settlements in dam area continued to increase.On the whole,the time and space evolution of rural settlements in dam and mountain areas is obvious.The main reason is that with the development of social economy,people have different sources of economic income.In addition,with the implementation of national strategies related to rural construction and the improvement of roads,rural industry can develop and per capita net income increases. |
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