Study On Spatial Pattern Evolvement Features And Influencing Factors Of Rural Settlement Based On GIS

As the urbanization and industrialization process further, the landdemand for city construction grows with each passing day, the development trend ofcity expansion has not been effectively curbed, which resulting in a large number ofcultivated land is occupied around the city. At the same time, in the vast rural areas,there still exists the rural residential land is small in size, quantity, per capita land areaexceed the standard, internal space loose disorder and other problems, especially landabandoned and idle as the main characteristics of the rural hollow extensive inefficientuse of the phenomenon is more serious, which not only led to the rural land resourcewaste and urban and rural construction land use structure unreasonable, but alsoseriously affected the rural industrialization, urbanization and modernization process.Therefore, how to correctly identify and judge the rural residents of the spatialdistribution pattern, reveals its state characteristic, dynamic internal evolution and itsinfluencing factors, which has important theoretical and practical significance toeffectively guide the rural residential planning and promote the optimal allocation ofland resources in urban and rural areas.This paper takes Dujiangyan city as a study area, which as the importantcomposition unit of the National Experimental Zone of Comprehensive Rural Reform ofChengdu city. In recent years, Dujiangyan takes land use urban-increase andrural-decrease transformation,“golden land project”, integrative improvement in landuse and new rural housing construction as organism combination, tries to change thecurrent “scattered, multiple, arbitrary” rural residential land, fully taps the potential useof rural settlement, maximizes the promotion of economical and intensive utilization ofland resources in rural areas. Especially after the recovery and development ofWenchuan earthquake and more than five years, the external characteristics and layoutspace form of rural residential changed greatly. Based on this background, this paper takes the rural settlement in Dujiangyan city as the research object, integrates GIStechnology and spatial data analysis methods into a framework to study the distributionpattern and dynamic process of the rural settlements in quantitative macro space.Further, some landscape pattern indices are used to analysis the rural settlementsdistribution characteristics of landscape pattern change influenced by natural factors andeconomic factors from the micro level, such as terrain, river, urban land use and ruralroad. Then, combining with the two sides, using the spatial dependence into the spatialautoregressive model regression equation, depth analysis the effect of differentenvironmental factors on the influence of rural distribution of residential space, in orderto provide decision-making reference and basis for coordinating the relationshipbetween the rural residential construction layout and environment, formulatingdevelopment planning of village and guiding the new rural construction reasonablesteadily.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) On the whole, while the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements inDujiangyan was significant clustering in2005, mainly distributed in the east andsoutheast plain area, it appeared inclined to disperse trend in2012. With the increasingspatial scale, distribution of rural settlements in2005and2012has undergone a clusterdegree increased, and then decreased slowly, until the shift to decentralized mode.(2) The spatial distribution of rural settlements in Dujiangyan city pointed to theexistence of significant spatial positive correlation, namely the density value higher orlower areas showed the state of aggregation significantly in space, but the spatialheterogeneity in the enhancement of local. The density of the high value of cluster wasmainly distributed in Xujia, Tianma, Juyuan and Chongyi town, in the southeastern,along the Shaxi and the Shiyang, Anlong town in the south, along the Chengqingchannel line, there were further along the road extension line depth expansion trend;And two years of low density value cluster, because of the influence of terrain, hadsmall changes in the spatial distribution, mainly located in Qingchengshan, Zhongxing,Yutang and Xiange town along the Longmen Mountains and the north Hongkou,Longchi town. In2012, compared with2005, it appeared the local heterogeneity of the“hot point” and “cold point” area, which respectively located close to the town ofZipingpu town and within the urban area of Puyang town.(3) The land use of such rural settlements in Dujiangyan had transformed moreintensive, from massive quantity, large land use, and small scale to small quantity, less land use, and large scale. In terrain niche index lower classification and differentdistance interval from the river, urban and road, the number and area of ruralsettlements of2012were less than2005, while the average patch area was generallylarger than2005.(4) Topography, river and town had significant effect on the distribution of ruralsettlements, and the effect of the road was not obvious. In addition to topographyshowed negative correlation, other factors were positive correlation. Effects of differentenvironmental factors on the impact degree of rural settlements distribution was: terraineffect> urban radiation effect> river effect> road effect. With the passage of time, theimpact of various environmental factors on the distribution of rural settlements had beenenhanced.