| As an important part of rural land use,rural residential area is a major way to live in rural areas,the spatial distribution pattern is the outcome of natural factors,the location factors and social-economic factors.What reasonable layout of rural residential areas is an important part of improving the land use efficiency,speeding up urban,rural construction and improving the rural ecological environment,because there are problems such as large per-capita living area,blind expending,unordered development and disorder arrangementand so on.How to plan and arrange the residential areas has become the important content of The paper is based on high spatial resolution remote sense image of 2015 year of Fengjie County of the Center Region of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and getting the data of land-use by interpretation.Through spatial buffer analysis and factor analysis by multiple dimensions to the spatial distribution of Fengjie County based on ArcGIS10.2 and Fragstas4.2software.The purpose is to analysis on the characteristics of spatial distribution of rural settlements and in-depth reveal the factors and driving mechanism of the spatial distribution of rural settlements area of Fengjie County,besides,analysising the eco-environment effect.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)from the spatial distribution characteristics,the rural residential area appear agglomeration-random distribution of study area.The characteristics of spatial distribution of the different area rank rural settlements of study region is that the aggregation is thick and the percentage of landuse is higher in the northern region,however,in the south,for the most part,the aggregation and landuse proportion is small.The highest density is 42.6 per square kilometer in the north of the Yangtze River in Fengjie County,belong to more intensive areas of rural settlements.And many townships is high-high cluster distribution.In the south,the distribution of rural settlements is dense of the sandstone,sandstone and mudstone mixed area,but most of the limestone area is the low density area,the density's differences of settlements differ over 700% and the landuse proportion is small,belong to sparse areas of rural settlements.And there was a phenomenon of low concentration.(2)from the numbers and areas of rural settlements:About 66% rural residential area less than 1hm2 and is distributed over mudstone and sandstone areas with the range of elevation about 500~800m and slope 6°~25°,but more than 1/4 of the rural settlements is located at slope 25°~35°.The result show that the contradiction between the limited cultivated land resources and the increasing population causes the residents to spread gradually.The rural settlements' number and area are the maximum in the range of 150 m of road,which is the main gathering area of rural residential areas.About 59.84% of the rural settlements are located within the range of 1000 m from the river,and beyond 3000 m area,a certain number of rural settlements are distributed because of better farming conditions.(3)from the view of landscape pattern,In a different lithological,elevation,slope,the range of distancing to river and road,the spatial distribution of settlements is quite different.The number of patches and the aggregation of the rural residential areas with different area grades were gradually decreased with the increase of the elevation,gradient and the far from the the road and river,on the contrary,the patch density and the average nearest neighbor distance showed an increasing trend,the average patch shape index is more complex.(4)from the point of view of the relationship between the distribution of rural residential areas and the ecological environment,During the past 15 years,the ecological environment of the study area went through a process from bad to good.Level V area increased by 17.76%,and level I area decreased by 88.48km2.There had a trend that the number and area of rural residential areas were first ascended and then descended with the increase of ecological grade.The number of rural residents in the ecological grade III and IV accounted for 67.29% of the total number,the area accounts for 74.14 percent of the total area.To the residential settlements with area less than 1hm2,the area of ecological grade were increased with the increase of buffer distance,the major ecological grade are IV and V,the farther away from the rural residential area,the area of land use is smaller.But,to the residential settlements with area greater than 1hm2,the area of ecological grade were decreased with the increase of buffer distance,the major ecological grade III and IV,the land use type area gradually increased with the farther away from rural settlements. |
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