Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of Late Neolithic Settlement Sites In The Middle Reaches Of The Yangtze River Based On GIS

Settlement Sites are the cultural heritage sites that reserved from production,daily life and other activities of the ancient people.As the live sites and the main performance sites,the Settlement Sites contain vital information of the development of natural environment and human civilization which ancient people lived in at that time.The spatial and temporal distribution of sites are studied to explore the change rule of the environment.It provides an ideal way to analyze undocumented pre-historical environmental changes and human social development.It also provides more comprehensive reference to help us reconstruct the man-land relationship in the past,understand and predict man-land relationship in the future.Most of the researches on spatial and temporal distribution of settlement sites only use spatial analysis technology to analyze the relationship between the distribution of settlement sites and the environment to obtain some spatial distribution characteristics.The division of settlement group is mostly based on the experience and spatial information of the analyzing of settlement evolution.But there is little cultural information contained in the Settlement Site.In order to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the Settlement Sites deeply,the area of the middle of Yangtze River is used as the study area.A set of multi-scale research methods based on the spatial distribution feature of the settlement sites,prediction model of the settlement sites and the evolution of the settlement group are established.Firstly,the Settlement Site information and geographical environment information are collected as the data supports for the research and analysis in this paper.Secondly,the spatial and temporal distribution of the Settlement Sites are analyzed to obtain the distribution characteristics of the Settlement Site.Then,the spatial and temporal distribution prediction model to deeply analysis the relationship between the Settlement Site and the cultural environment are established.Finally,the settlement group of the Settlement Site in different cultural times and analyses spatial and temporal evolution of the Settlement Site are divided in this paper.The spatial and temporal distribution of the Settlement Site is researched in this paper.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)The related data of settlement and geographical environment is collected.Then the relevant data is extracted,transformed and fused to obtain basic data for analysis and research.(2)The numbers,elevation,slope,etc.of the Settlement Site are analyzed with the the spatial analysis method of GIS to work out the spatial distribution characteristic of the Settlement Site.Then using natural factors such as elevation,slope degree,the distance from water and RDLS to establish prediction model of the Settlement Site,quantitatively analyzes the relationship between the Settlement Site and the cultural environment.(3)The clustering method is introduced into the space-time analysis method,and cluster analysis of settlement sites is conducted to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of settlement groups.The development of settlement groups is closely related to the historical and geographical events in the Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake Plain.(4)The evolution law of settlement group is verified by historical geological events,and the driving factors of settlement evolution are analyzed.At last,the "best path" of settlement migration is simulated by the distribution model of settlement sites.The "best path" shows that prehistoric humans mostly consider moving through the valley and hills in order to achieve higher returns at the lowest cost.