Grammar Research On Jining Dialect

Jining is located in the southwest hinterland of Shandong Province,at the junction of the Huang Huai Hai Plain and the central and southern Shandong mountains.Jining dialect studied in this paper is a narrow sense of Jining dialect,which refers to the dialect of Jining City(within the old city wall)and the surrounding suburbs.It is roughly in the present Rencheng District of Jining and belongs to the Central Plains Mandarin of the Mandarin dialect area.As Jining is located in the transitional area from the Central Plains to Qilu culture,its dialect is influenced by the Central Plains Mandarin and Jiaodong dialect.In addition,in the Yuan Dynasty,Jining dialect was influenced by the influx of Southern merchants brought by the opening of the Grand Canal.The unique geographical environment and cultural conditions make the dialects of Rencheng District in Jining consistent with the surrounding areas,and have their own characteristics.At present,the study of Jining dialect grammar is unbalanced in content and region,and lacks comprehensive and systematic description and research.Therefore,this paper takes the dialect grammar of Rencheng District in Jining as the research object,takes Putonghua grammar as the reference,takes several notional words,function words and several common sentence patterns as the outline,and collects first-hand corpus through field investigation.This paper mainly adopts the description and analysis methods of traditional grammar and structuralist grammar,focusing on the comprehensive exploration of the grammatical facts of Jining dialect and the comprehensive and detailed description.At the same time,through the comparative study with the common language of modern Chinese and the surrounding areas such as Weishan,Wenshang and Jinxiang dialects,this paper explores the common and different characteristics of Jining dialect,and analyzes and explains the special grammatical phenomena and rules,so as to reveal the grammatical characteristics and rules of Jining dialect.The notional part of Jining dialect,respectively,from nouns,verbs,adjectives,numerals,quantifiers,pronouns several categories of comparative description,and further analysis of the special usage.Aiming at nouns,verbs and adjectives,this paper focuses on the abundant affixes and reduplication in Jining dialect: the study of affixes mainly focuses on the ability of word formation,the collocation relationship between affixes and roots,the additional meaning of affixes and the relationship between affixes and root morpheme meaning,etc.,and analyzes the characteristic affixes such as "Er-" "-Zi ","Ge-" "-Ba" and "-Hu";the study of reduplication focuses on the following aspects This paper analyzes the different forms,grammatical meaning and grammatical functions of the overlapping words,and divides them into two categories: word formation and word formation.At the same time,it also explores the special usages of location nouns,directional verbs and auxiliary verbs in Jining dialect.Aiming at numerals,quantifiers and pronouns,this paper mainly discusses the special expressions of fractions,multiples,approximate numbers and ordinals in Jining dialect,the special collocations of quantifiers,the special overlapping forms of quantifiers and quantifiers,the special systems of personal pronouns,demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns,and the special usages of pronouns.In the part of function words in Jining dialect,this paper makes a systematic comparative description of adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliary words and modal particles,and analyzes the usage of special dialects.This paper focuses on the analysis of the degree adverbs of "Hen" in Jining dialect and their usage to express the degree of adjectives;the usage of time adverbs and their tense aspect expression in Jining dialect;the usage of the characteristic structural auxiliary "Lou" and its verb complement structure to express the possibility;the usage of the characteristic dynamic auxiliary "Lou" and "Lai" and their usage to express the perfect aspect.At the same time,it also focuses on the rich modal particles and their pragmatic features,the rich adverbs and their grammatical features,as well as the characteristic collocation of prepositions and conjunctions in Jining dialect.In the part of common sentence patterns in Jining dialect,the disposal sentence,passive sentence,negative sentence,interrogative sentence and comparative sentence are discussed respectively.It mainly involves: the disposal sentences with prepositions "Lian" and "Ba" as disposal markers and unmarked special disposal structures in Jining dialect;The passive sentence marked by "Jiao" and its usage in combination with "Gei" in Jining dialect,the conversion relationship between several common passive sentence patterns in Jining dialect;the characteristic dialect structure and usage of interrogative sentences with four different structural types of right and wrong questions,selective questions,repeated questions and special questions,and comparative sentences with four forms of equal ratio,difference ratio,successive ratio and extreme ratio.