Research On Key Technologies And Devices Of Garlic Planting

Garlic as one of the most important vegetable crop is cultivated widely in China.For ensuring high garlic germination rate and great appearance,the garlic planting requires to take single seed,and plant seed with scaly bud is upward and vertical.As the high requirement standard,farmers have been planting garlic through artificial for a long time.The artificial planting method has shortcomings of high labor intensity,low working efficiency and high economic cost.It is essential to develop a efficient and accurate garlic planting machine for replacing with manpower.For solving the problems about garlic planting,this research designed a chain-plate type seed taking device base on physical properties of garlic seed.The simulation of garlic seed directing device with three-stages hopper was carried out by discrete element simulation software and parameters of device was optimized.For improving the directing effect,an garlic seed automatic detecting and adjusting device was designed which execute adjusting action automatically according to the orientation of scaly bud.The research work was mainly carried out as follow:(1)Research on garlic seed physical and mechanism characteristics.Selected Lanling garlic and Jinxiang garlic as research object.The physical diameters of garlic seeds was defined and its length,width,thickness,density,friction angle were measured.The mechanism parameters of Lanling garlic and Jinxiang garlic such as elastic modulus,compressive strength and Poisson ratio in length,width and thickness orientation,and the shearing test of garlic seeds in back-orientation were determined through compression test,respectively.This research provided data support for the design of seed taking device and seed directing device.(2)Design on chain-plate seed taking device.According to research status of single seed taking technologies at home and abroad,a chain-plate seed taking device was designed,it mainly included seed taking spoon,chain-plate and vibrating mechanism.The structure and working parameters of each institution were determined by theoretical analysis and experiment,the results showed that the rate of single seed taking,multiple seeds taking and miss taking were 93.5%,2.3% and 4.2% respectively which meet using requirement.(3)The simulation and parameters optimization of three-stages hopper type garlic seed directing device.The 3D model of garlic seeds were established.The Lanling garlic and Jinxiang garlic to were divided into three groups according to their shape characteristics.Applying EDEM discrete element simulation software to simulate the movement process of garlic seed particles in garlic seed directing device,and analysis of movement trajectories of garlic seeds in hoppers with different structural parameters were carried out to optimize the structure parameters of garlic seed directing device,and the most optimal working parameters of new garlic seed directing device was determined through simulation and test.(4)Research on garlic seed automatic directing device.For improving rate of garlic seed scaly bud upward,the structure parameters of key components were determined through the method of theory analysis combined with simulation and examination.The automatic control system based on MCU was designed.The test results showed that the directing rate of Lanling garlic seed was more than 95% while Jinxiang garlic was about 90%.This device satisfied the requirements of planting seed with scaly bud is upward and vertical,which realized the automation and intelligence of garlic seed directing.