Research On The Design Of Co-built Elderly Care Facilities Based On Symbiosis Theory

With the further acceleration of the aging of China’s population,the demand of the society for elderly care facilities is also increasing.For the construction of institutional elderly care facilities,the insufficient land resources has become an even more obvious problem.In addition,for the large-scale centralized institutional elderly care facilities,the disadvantages that it may occupy a large area and be settled in remote locations have gradually emerged.Therefore,on the basis of the compound elderly care facility model,there has emerged an institutional elderly care facility construction model that shares one or more buildings with other functional facilities,that is,a co-built elderly care facility.A co-built elderly care facility is an institutional elderly care facility that uses one or more buildings together with other functional facilities to provide full-time care for the elderly,including daily life,cultural entertainment,medical care and other services.Symbiosis theory comes from the field of biology.Symbiosis refers to the relationship formed by different symbiosis units in a certain symbiosis environment according to a certain symbiosis model.After decades of development,domestic and foreign scholars have introduced symbiosis theory into their respective fields for research.Among them,Kisho Kurokawa was the first scholar to introduce symbiosis in the field of architecture.Different from the dualism of modernism,the symbiotic idea is that through the "intermediate field" between the heterogeneous elements,the two sides can penetrate and understand each other,from dualism to pluralism,and finally to symbiosis.The symbiosis theory is used to guide the design of co-built elderly care facilities because the construction of co-built elderly care facilities reflects the principles of symbiosis theory.The co-built elderly care facilities is composed of different functions,and each function needs to be properly organized.The co-built elderly care facility is not an independent building,but needs to be combined with other buildings of different types of functions.Constructions will be carried out and finally coordinated development of various functions will be maintained.This internal logic is consistent with the symbiotic theory’s emphasis on the harmonious symbiosis of different symbiotic units.This article translates the concept of biological symbiosis theory into the concept of architecture,and builds a symbiotic system of co-built elderly care facilities,including the symbiosis of internal functions of elderly care facilities,the symbiosis of elderly care facilities and non-elderly care facilities,and the architecture and urban environment symbiosis.On this basis,combined with the specific domestic and foreign cases,the three levels of symbiotic design are studied,and the basic design principles and methods of co-constructed elderly care facilities are proposed.Finally,the author elaborated on the design of the co-constructed elderly care facilities in three modes including: "medical+ seniority"," residential + seniority ",and "commercial + seniority".