Study On The Design Of Fire Evacuation Stairs In Care Facilities For The Elderly

With the intensification of our country's aging population,the pension industry has developed rapidly.In the context of social needs and government support,the number of elderly care facilities across the country is increasing year by year.However,our country's elderly care facilities are facing many problems such as insufficient effective supply and insufficient development imbalance.The lack of relevant regulations,deviations in the understanding of the provisions in various regions,and inconsistent approval standards have led to the lack of a clear design basis for the elderly care facilities during the architectural design stage.At the same time,due to many factors such as non-standard design at the initial stage of construction,special institutional characteristics of the elderly,insufficient ratio of nurses,etc.,it is difficult to evacuate when such a fire occurs in the building,which is very likely to cause serious social impacts of mass deaths and injuries.The evacuation staircase is the only vertical escape channel during the fire.It is very important in the whole evacuation process.How to effectively improve the evacuation efficiency of the staircase in the architectural design stage to increase the escape rate of the elderly in the fire needs further study.The research results have practical significance for the formulation,supplementation and modification of relevant standards,and at the same time provide scientific guidance for the design of evacuation stairs for elderly care facilities.Based on the national conditions,this article uses the relevant theories of architecture,ergonomics,psychology,fire safety engineering,etc.,and closely integrates the current relevant regulations of the elderly care facilities in China and relevant research at home and abroad.Through field research,the elderly care facilities are evacuated Organize and analyze the existing problems in the staircase,and combine the Pathfinder software to simulate the evacuation stairs in four aspects: form,position,scale,and details.Finally,based on the simulation results and the problems in the investigation,the optimization strategies for the design of evacuation stairs for elderly care facilities are proposed from four aspects: staircase form,staircase position,staircase scale,and staircase details.