Research On The Strategies Of Reconstruction Of Pile Dwelling Of Miao Nationality In Southeast Guizhou

Under the unique humanistic geographical environment and the historical and cultural background of the Miao people in Southeastern Guizhou,a unique Miao stilted building has been formed after a long period of development and precipitation.The traditional Miao Diaojiao Building reflects the lifestyle,customs and culture of the Miao people,and is a typical Chinese traditional dwelling.With the transformation of the traditional Miao Village villagers’ life,production and housing patterns in Southeastern Guizhou,traditional houses cannot meet the modern housing needs.Diaojiaolou residential buildings have problems such as damaged overall style,low external space quality,inconvenient living and transportation,unreasonable internal functional space,uncomfortable indoor physical environment,damaged wooden structure,and imperfect living environment facilities.Therefore,this article explores the current characteristics of traditional Miao stilts and the factors affecting the suitability of living.By improving the suitability of living,protecting the local culture of stilts and realizing its sustainable development is of practical significance.The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical and practical basis for the adaptation of traditional Miao stilted buildings in Southeast Guizhou.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Explore the characteristics of the current situation of Miao stilted buildings in Southeast Guizhou.The traditional spatial form of Miao Village is based on the layout principle of conforming to the texture of the natural environment,which is embodied in the layout form,boundary form,centripetality,directionality,and vertical spatial composition.Traditional Miao stilted buildings are mainly divided into two types: flat-ground hoisting and semi-hoisting.The external space cultural nodes of the Miao stilted building in southeastern Guizhou include Zhaimen,Fengyu Bridge,Lusheng Square,Huzhai Trees,and terraced fields;the D/H ratio of the street space is less than 0.5.The functional composition of the internal space from bottom to top is the production layer,the living layer,and the storage layer;the building materials areblue tiles,wood,and stone from top to bottom to form a vertical texture.In southeast Guizhou,the indoor bedroom and hall illuminance is between 20lux-35 lux in winter,200lux-250 lux in summer,and the indoor space is relatively dim;the average indoor temperature in winter is between 5℃-8℃,the average temperature is lower,and the average indoor temperature in summer At about 25℃,it is close to the comfortable temperature range of the human body;the average relative humidity in winter is between 70%-80%,which is close to the comfortable temperature range of the human body,and the average relative humidity in summer is between 75%-85%,which is relatively high.The stilted building has been in disrepair for a long time,the wooden structure is damaged,and there are problems with the residential safety.The Diaojiao Buildings of the Miao Nationality in Southeast Guizhou have four characteristics of residential suitability in terms of suitability of geographical environment,suitability of external space,suitability of internal space,suitability of building materials and technology.(2)On the basis of the status quo characteristics of traditional Miao stilts in Southeastern Guizhou,the SD method of architectural semantic analysis is used to construct the status evaluation project of stilts,and the status quo characteristics of stilts are evaluated and researched.With reference to the relevant building evaluation vocabulary,17 groups of adjectives related to the residential environment space of the village,the external space of the stilt building,and the building space of the stilt building are set.Set up a unified 5-level evaluation scale to evaluate the current characteristics of traditional Miao stilts in Southeastern Guizhou.It is concluded that the evaluator recognizes the regional cultural psychology of the residential space of the Diaojiaolou.The overall regional style is relatively complete,the natural ecological environment is better,and the spatial sense is strong;the external space of the Diaojiaolou is inconvenient for transportation and the infrastructure is not complete,and the volume of the internal space of the Diaojiaolou Small,the indoor physical environment needs to be improved.Through factor analysis,the four factors affecting the suitability of living are summarized,and in order of explanatory degree,they are: regional culture factor(28.260%),use demand factor(28.260%),space comfort factor(28.260%)and environmental atmosphere factor(13.556)).(3)Through the research on the characteristics of the current situation of the Diaojiaolou Miao dwellings and the analysis of the existing problems,based on the factors affecting the suitability of the Diaojiaolou in Southeast Guizhou,from the five aspects of geographical continuity,spatial layout,indoor physical environment,wooden structure and human settlement Propose the strategy for the living suitability transformation of Miao stilted buildings in the southeast of Guizhou.Protect the ecological pattern of mountain and water,strengthen the connection between the mountain and the village,and adopt overall measures to protect and adapt the overall pattern of the village and the stilted buildings.Re-layout and design the indoor functional space of the stilt building,sort out the traffic flow,increase the modern living functional space,and improve the efficiency of indoor space use.Improve the indoor light environment by optimizing the number of windows and window-to-wall ratios,adding side windows to improve the indoor light environment;optimizing the indoor thermal environment through external windows,roof,wall,and floor structures;optimizing the indoor wet environment by adding waterproof and moisture-proof structures and organizing indoor ventilation.The structural stability is improved through measures such as wood treatment,foundation transformation,and structural reinforcement of the wooden structure.Optimize and transform the traffic organization,green space landscape,water supply and drainage,electrical engineering,and environmental sanitation engineering to optimize the quality of human settlements.This paper takes the Diaojiao buildings of the Miao nationality in Southeast Guizhou as the research object,and through exploring its current characteristics and influencing factors of living suitability,proposes the strategy of living suitability transformation,which provides a certain theoretical basis and practical basis for the practice of the living suitability reformation of the Miao nationality in Southeast Guizhou.The sustainable development of Miao stilted buildings in southeastern Guizhou has certain practical value and practical significance.