Research On Optimal Design Of Public Space In Beijing’s Old Residential Districts From The Perspective Of Healthy Residential Districts

The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus in early 2020 has made people begin to reflect on the relationship between daily living space and health.Whether we like it or not,our physiology and psychology are always consciously or unconsciously accepting the influence of the built environment around us,and the built environment therefore affects the public health of the group.Residential public space is the outdoor space that people living in the city have the most daily contact with,and it has a profound impact on the health of residents in the community.Old communities in Beijing occupies the core area of the city and occupy a high proportion of the existing residential areas.They are an important part of the existing residential areas because they enjoy convenient urban life services and gather a large number of people.Due to the age of construction,whether it is the "dirty,chaotic,poor" space environment or the single space function,the public space in the old community has exposed outstanding contradictions that are extremely incompatible with the needs of modern life.Since 2012,Beijing has carried out different degrees of renovation of old communities.Although certain results have been achieved,the focus of the renovation work is still on improving the physical space supporting facilities,insufficient attention was paid to the higher-level needs of residents in public space.resulting in a certain gap between the transformation results and the residents’ satisfaction.To solve the problem,the transformation of old communities needs to follow the "healthy" design concept,from the arrangement and promotion of individual spaces to the optimization of important urban social spaces.Therefore,from the perspective of healthy residential quarters,this article proposes and discusses the design strategy for the public space renovation of old communities in Beijing.At present,China has a basic framework for the planning and design of healthy settlements,but most of them are aimed at existing settlements or newly built communities under modern planning concepts.The research on transformation strategy is not in-depth and lack of operability strategy in deal with aging of the population,land use contradictions and space fragility of the old community space.This article attempts to analyze the characteristics of healthy spaces and the allocation of elements based on the existing normative indicators of healthy settlements and health-related theories,combined with the general and unique problems of Beijing’s old residential space,and summarizes the principles and strategies of public space health optimization.The main structure of the article contains the following four parts:The first part is the first chapter,introduction.Firstly,based on the related concepts of ‘healthy’,the concept of ‘Healthy Residential Areas’ in this research is defined,the current research and practice on the concepts and theories of Healthy Residential Areas are summarized,and the main content,methods and framework of this research are clarified.The second part is the second chapter,the related research foundation and theoretical support of this article.After explaining the relationship between the concept of "health" and the public space of the old community,based on the existing domestic evaluation indicators and standards,the characteristics and spatial design elements of the healthy space in the residential area are clarified.The third part is the third chapter,current situation investigation and problem analysis.The current situation of the public space in the old community in Zhanlan Road Street,Xicheng District,Beijing was investigated and sorted out,the health problems of the public space were summarized and analyzed,the health evaluation was made.The fourth part is the fourth and fifth chapters of the article,which are parallel chapters,to describe the reasons for the current health problems and propose the principles and strategies of the optimization of health space,from health function and health facilities in public space respectively,of which case studies are used to explain specific space designs to improve operability and practical significance.Finally,the full text is summarized.Firstly,the academic viewpoints and practical strategies are given on the problems studied in the paper,then the research conclusions are summarized;secondly,the deficiencies of the research results are explained;last but not least,the direction of the follow-up research of the paper is pointed out.