Research On Carbon Tax And EPR Strategy And The Pricing Of Closed Loop Supply Chain Under Low Carbon Environment

Closed-loop supply chain as a new business philosophy and management style has become the focus of industry and theoretical field.The purpose of the management is to come ture the combination of economy benefits and environment benefits,which not only contributes to the sustainable development of enterprises but also to the whole international society.In the construction of "strong environmental performance",the closed-loop supply chain shows the advantages far beyond the traditional supply chain,According to the data in recent years,the government investment in the treatment of environmental pollution has been increased,which indicates that government attaches high importance to this issue,how to increase the utilization of the source effectively is a very valuable issue.Based on this,the government can designate a series of green environmental protection strategies to encourage enterprises to carry out recycling policy,so that we can increase the intensity of environmental governance.At present,many scholars have been concerned about the EPR system and carbon tax,carbon trading and other policies,of which EPR,carbon tax,carbon trading dominate the main market.The existing literature on carbon policy rarely separates the carbon emissions of new and remanufactured products,and the government does not participate in decision-making.The incentives and penalties provided by the government,the carbon quota and the carbon tax rate are all certain values.But from a practical point of view,new products and re-products should have a clear nature distinction.Therefore,for such a study is necessary.Based on the study of EPR and carbon tax,this paper studies the combination of the two policies on the basis of past study.By summarizing the research work of this paper,we can get the following main research results:(1)Describe the problem description and research framework under no policy.The main research contributions are as follows:On the one hand,the author makes a summary of previous scholars’ research and summarizes the contributions and shortcomings of former scholars,which lays the foundation for the following research.So that on the other hand giving an anarchy incentive model,and calculating the supply chain members profit under this situation,as well as pricing and recovery strategy for the latter study,these make a basic preparation for the following Research model as a reference.(2)A model of closed-loop supply chain based on EPR is established and solved.The main research results in this regard mainly in the following two aspects:on the one hand,in order to improve the environment situation,according to the actual situation of the model we established the EPR reward and punishment system for manufacturers to encourage manufacturers to use second-hand raw materials for productio;on the other hand,The government according to the actual situation and the decision-making of the supply chain members we make corresponding changes in their strategy,making the government to determine the rewards and punishments k more in line with the actual situation.(3)A model of closed-loop supply chain based on carbon tax policy is established and solved.The main research mainly in the following two aspects:on the one hand,based on the actual situation of the model,we divided the source of supply of raw materials into suppliers of new raw materials supply and recycling of second-hand supply chain re-products Raw materials.On the other hand,for the raw materials of the old and new points,according to the actual situation,its remanufacturing process release of carbon is different,new products in the manufacturing process release of carbon more than the release of second-hand products,This,in other way,encourages the reproduction of second-hand products for production.(4)Put forward the combination of EPR policy and carbon tax policy,set up and solve the model.The research results in this regard are mainly reflected in the following two aspects:On the one hand,according to the actual situation of the model,we established the actual situation of the material produced by the new raw materials and remanufacturing materials division,distinguish between this unit carbon emissions,While giving enterprises to set a recycling index,if more than the target which government give to enterprises incentives,if not reach the target,the Government receive a punishment.On the other hand,these two kinds of policies are considered together,and the solution of the results is analyzed,as a preparation for the later model comparison.(5)The results of four models are compared,and come to some conclusions,the results are verified by numerical simulation to ensure the rationality and validity of the results.As can be seen from the comparison process,the social welfare of government decision-making objectives is improved from the results,but the utility of consumers is undermined and the profits of manufacturers are favorable to the whole society,but not to members of the supply chain.Finally,the concrete examples are used to analyze the effects of rewards and punishments on the recovery rate and total carbon emissions,and the profits of the four decision models are compared.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Compared with non-government incentives,the government EPR strategy can effectively guide enterprises recycle products,improve the recovery rate,reduce carbon emissions,reduce the retail price,improve the profits of manufacturers and recyclers,increased social welfare.(2)Compared with the non-government incentive,the government’s carbon tax strategy can effectively guide enterprises to recycle,improve the recovery rate,reduce carbon emissions,improve the profits of recyclers,social welfare increased;but this policy increased market retail price,Reducing the manufacturer’s profits.(3)Compared with the single strategy,the double strategy can guide enterprises to recycle,improve the recovery rate,greatly reduce carbon emissions,social welfare is the biggest.But dual strategies lead to lower profits for manufacturers and consumers.(4)In the process of decision-making,the government should consider not only the social environmental benefits but also the interests of the supply chain members,in which case the EPR single strategy is better than the double strategy.