Research On The Impact Of Carbon Policy On Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision-Making Under Different Emission Reduction Subjects

In recent years,in the environment of increasingly fierce competition,how enterprises plan their supply chain network at the lowest total cost and meet customer demand has gradually attracted the attention of scholars.At the same time,carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases caused by global warming,many countries take active measures to control carbon emissions,such as setting the cap of carbon,carbon tax and carbon cap-and-trade policy,and with the popularity of environmental awareness,the traditional focus on the economic benefits of supply chain decisions are no longer suitable for the environment.More and more scholars are incorporating low carbon goals into supply chain decisions.In addition,the uncertainty of demand and product recovery rate in reality is a major difficulty in supply chain decision-making.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the imapct of carbon policy on closed-loop supply chain decision-making and its corresponding total cost and carbon emissions when considering different emission reduction subjects under the uncertainty of demand and product recovery rate.Based on this,this thesis studies the imapct of carbon policy when demand and product recovery rate are uncertain on closed-loop supply chain decision-making and its corresponding total cost and carbon emissions at different emissions reduction subject levels.Firstly,considering the uncertainties of demand and product recovery rate,as well as different emissions reduction subjects,this thesis constructs mixed integer programming models under different emissions reduction subjects respectively for optimal decision-making of multi-product and multi-cycle closed-loop supply chain.These models aim at the lowest total cost,and their uncertain parameters are described by discrete random scenarios to optimize the facility location,transportation quantity,shortage,production technology selection and transportation mode of the closed-loop supply chain.Finally,according to the three carbon policies,namely carbon cap,carbon cap-and-trade and carbon tax policies,the optimal decisions under different carbon policies are obtained,and the impacts of these policies on the closed-loop supply chain facility location decision,traffic volume decision,emissions reduction decision,and the corresponding total cost and carbon emissions are analyzed.The research findings are as follows:（1）From the level of each emissions reduction subject of the closed-loop supply chain,it can be found that the facility location decision of the closed-loop supply chain is different under different carbon policies.The carbon cap has the greatest influence on the facility location decision of the closed-loop supply chain,followed by the carbon tax,and the carbon cap-and-trade has the least influence.The total cost of the closed-loop supply chain under carbon cap and carbon tax are higher than that under carbon cap and trade,while the carbon emissions of the closed-loop supply chain under carbon cap and tax is lower than that under carbon cap-and-trade.（2）As can be seen from the closed-loop supply chain level,when there is carbon policy constraint,the total cost and carbon emissions of the closed-loop supply chain under each emissions reduction subject are significantly different.The total cost of the closed-loop supply chain when the manufacturer is abatement is higher than the total cost of the closed-loop supply chain when the transporter is abatement or the recycler is abatement.The carbon emissions of the closed-loop supply chain when the manufacturer or the transporter emissions reduction is lower than that when the recycler emissions reduction.（3）Compared with the deterministic scenario,the total cost and carbon emissions of the closed-loop supply chain considering the three carbon policies under the uncertain scenario are higher than those under the deterministic scenario,while the emissions reduction of the closed-loop supply chain under the uncertain scenario is lower than that under the deterministic scenario.