Research On Pricing Decision And Coordination Of Remanufactured Products Closed-loop Supply Chain Under Carbon Trading Policy

Rapid economic development over the past three decades has had an inevitably devastating impact on the environment and the Earth’s climate system.With the intensification of social and public problems such as global warming,environmental pollution and resource shortage,it has become a hot research topic to improve the resources of the global supply chain and reduce the environmental pollution caused by human activities in the production and operation process of enterprises.Aiming at low-carbon emission reduction,the state has put forward the strategy of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,and established the pilot law of carbon trading market to alleviate climate problems.Green and low-carbon sustainable development has become a trend.Closed-loop supply chain can maximize the utilization and recycling of resources and reduce negative impacts on the environment such as pollution and carbon emissions,thus playing a vital role in the sustainable development of manufacturing industry.Therefore,it is of great significance for enterprises to study the pricing of remanufactured products in the closed-loop supply chain.In this paper,taking closed-loop supply chain as the research object and considering the influence of carbon trading policies and consumers’ low-carbon preferences on product pricing decisions,a Stackelberg game model led by manufacturers was constructed to analyze the influence of relevant parameters on carbon emission reduction and profit.Then,revenue sharing contract and cost sharing contract are introduced to verify and compare contract coordination.The research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The retail price of new products and remanufactured products under centralized decision-making is higher than that under decentralized decision-making.When the carbon trading price increases,the total carbon emission under centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making will decrease with the increase of the carbon trading price,and the total carbon emission is inversely proportional to the carbon trading price.The unit optimal emission reduction is proportional to the carbon trading price,and the unit optimal emission reduction will increase with the increase of the carbon trading price.(2)Under decentralized decision making and centralized decision making,the increase of carbon trading price will increase the demand for remanufactured products and decrease the demand for new products.The product market demand under centralized decision making is higher than that under decentralized decision making.Regardless of the change of carbon trading price and recovery price,the profit of the manufacturer will increase with the increase of carbon trading price under the decentralization decision,while the profit of the retailer will increase on the contrary.This indicates that when the carbon trading price increases,manufacturers will increase carbon emission reduction,change production strategies,and produce more low-carbon products for their own interests.(3)Under the condition of contract coordination between revenue sharing contract and two pricing contracts,manufacturers have higher profits under the condition of higher revenue sharing coefficient and fixed transfer cost,while retailers have the opposite situation.The contract coordination range acceptable to both manufacturers and retailers is determined by numerical simulation.Both retail and wholesale prices of new and remanufactured products will fall with the increase in the revenue sharing coefficient,which also helps manufacturers to increase their carbon reduction per unit。...