Study On Spatial Optimization And Comparison Of Different Types Of Mining Villages From The Perspective Of Functional Zoning

China’s constantly improving urbanization level has promoted the rapid development of rural society,economy and culture,resulting in significant changes in rural ecology,production and living patterns.These changes restrict each other and work together on the development of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.China has carried out a series of reforms and implemented a series of policies in order to speed up the development of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.The most representative strategy in recent years is the rural revitalization strategy with the goals of thriving industries,livable ecology,rural civilization,effective governance and rich life.In the new era,the implementation of the new strategy more directly and quickly exposed the incongruity between the existing rural planning and the spatial distribution required by the actual development,the conflict between multiple regulations and the weak implementation of planning.On the one hand,with the introduction and implementation of the strategic plan for rural revitalization(2018-2022),new spatial layout requirements have been put forward for rural production space,living space and ecological space(production,living and ecological space).The current production,living and ecological space layout cannot well meet the spatial pattern requirements for the development of rural economy,ecology and humanities.On the other hand,the deepening construction of ecological civilization has transformed the rural areas,which used to sacrifice ecological development for economic development and pursue "mountains of gold and silver" but abandoned "mountains of green water and green mountains",into "mountains of gold and silver" and "mountains of green water and green mountains".However,it is more urgent to transform the mining-type rural areas that have mineral resources and are affected by the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources or are developed than the non-mining-type rural areas.Solving the conflict of LPES(living,production and ecological space)to form the space pattern,which needed for the revitalization of mining villages and their sustainable development,has great practical significance.Therefore,this paper selects two different types of mining villages in Jiangxi province,which represent near and far mines,as the research area.With the comparative advantage theory,location theory and optimal allocation of land resources,etc as the theory basis.On the basis of constructing the spatial classification system and spatial function measurement index system of LPES,the functional value of LPES was calculated by using the multi-factor weighted comprehensive evaluation method.Besides,the functional partition result was obtained by using the comparative advantage index.Under the guidance of the result of functional zoning,the problems existing in the current sansheng space should be solved,the layout of LPES should be adjusted so as to finally form a livable and business-friendly space pattern conducive to the revitalization of the countryside.At the same time,taking distant mine-type villages as the comparison object,comparing near mine-type villages with them,clarifying the similarities and differences of the optimization of LPES of different villages.Providing more detailed and direct reference materials for the optimization of LPES of other villages.The results show that:(1)The ecological space of the near and far mining villages is located at the edge of the village boundary,and the living space is less distributed in a large area and more scattered along the road in a small area.The difference lies in that the adjacent mining area of production,living and ecological space in the near mine(Yangmei village)is distributed and negatively affected by the mining area.If the factor of plot spot area of functional measuring unit is not taken into account,both the functional value per unit area and the total functional value of LPES have the distribution characteristic that the closer to the mining area,the lower the value is.However,the remote mining village(Jingnao village)is not affected by the mining area.Thus its functional value per unit area of sansheng space and the total functional value have high and low cross distribution,without increasing or decreasing in a certain direction.(2)In the near and far mining villages,there are many problems,such as weak spatial connectivity of production-living-ecological space,high fragmentation of the production-ecological composite space,and the lack of agglomeration scale of living space.While,due to the mutual influence and restriction between mining area and LPES,the conflict of LPES in the near mining village is more serious.(3)Based on comparative advantage function partition,after optimization,the junior high spatial chaotic become orderly and fragmentation to gather with high degrees of space layout.Besides,all kinds of function value and its comprehensive function space increased,such as near mine village(Yangmei village)comprehensive space function value increased by 77.713,far mine village(Jingnao village)comprehensive space function value increased 51.946.(4)Although the near and far mining villages share the same general direction in production-ecological compound spatial optimization,principle and ultimate goal,the far mining villages focus on how to further play the regional dominant spatial function in the original layout in the process of LPES optimization.The near-mining villages are more focused on solving the conflict of LPES,the spatial optimization are more complex,and the range of living space as well as the number of residential areas are more limited.The spatial relevance of various spaces is enhanced,and the fragmentation degree of various spaces is reduced after optimization.In a word,the overall layout becomes orderly.However,there are still some deficiencies in the spatial function measurement index system,data diversity and comprehensivity,as well as the willingness of farmers to choose the main body of residence,etc.Those will be improved in the follow-up research,continued to improve the research results in order to obtain more accurate results,provide more accurate references for various types of rural spatial optimization.At the same time,it enriches the research results of rural spatial optimization.