| Agriculture is the pillar industry of the national economy.Changing the production method of agriculture and achieving efficient development of agriculture play an important role in promoting the transformation of production methods and consumption concepts in China.The agricultural production system is an open and complex giant system that considers the natural environment and agriculture as a whole and combines system science with modern technology and management in order to achieve synergistic development of production efficiency,economic efficiency and social efficiency.The interactions among the elements within the agricultural system are uncertain,therefore,it is necessary to analyze the efficiency of agricultural production,study the factors affecting agricultural output and make corresponding adjustments so as to be able to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the agricultural system.In this paper,for the agricultural development of Henan Province,the panel data of 18 years from 2003 to 2020 were selected,and the efficiency evaluation system was constructed based on the principles of index selection,summarizing the index selection of existing research results,and the key variables of input-output indexes were screened by principal component analysis,using DEA(Data envelopment analysis)-BCC(Banker,Charnels and Cooper)model and Malmquist index model were used to make a reasonable and comprehensive evaluation of the agricultural production efficiency in Henan Province in time and space dimensions,and the main conclusions are as follows.(1)For a long time,the agricultural production efficiency in Henan Province has been generally low,with large disparities between provinces.By analyzing the agricultural production efficiency of the province,it can be found that the overall level of agricultural production efficiency in Henan Province is not high,the allocation of agricultural input resources is not coordinated enough,and the investment in agricultural technology is not sufficient.Meanwhile,by analyzing the years 2003,2008,2013 and 2018,which are in the middle of the Tenth,Eleventh,Twelfth and Thirteenth Five-Year Plans,we found that there are many differences in the agricultural production efficiency of 18 municipalities in Henan Province,and there are fewer cities in the effective comprehensive technical efficiency of agriculture,only Xuchang in 2003,Luoyang in 2008,Xinyang in 2013 and Sanmenxia in 2018,and not many cities in the highly efficient comprehensive technical efficiency of agriculture,respectively,Hebi in 2003,Hebi,Xuchang and Xinyang in 2008 and Sanmenxia in 2013.These municipalities have found their own development advantages and optimized the agricultural production structure to create favorable agricultural production conditions,so the efficiency of agricultural production has been steadily improved.By analyzing the comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agriculture in each city,it can be found that the low agricultural technology utilization is caused by the low pure technical efficiency of agriculture,which is also the main reason for the low comprehensive technical efficiency of agriculture in DEA non-effective cities,so it is necessary to further improve the ability of rational allocation of input factors to increase output.(2)The changes of Malmquist index of agricultural production in Henan Province are quite different in the overall perspective and regional perspective.From the overall perspective of the Malmquist index of agricultural production in Henan Province,the average annual growth rate of total factor productivity of agricultural production in Henan Province was 13%in the 18 years from 2003 to 2020,in which technological progress plays a major role.This can indicate that technological changes in agricultural production in Henan Province can lead to changes in total factor productivity and should be promoted more in agricultural production technology.From the point of view of the change in Malmquist index of agricultural production in each region of Henan province,the average total factor productivity in each city reached 4%,thus indicating that technological change brings growth in total factor productivity in agriculture in these cities with the same technical efficiency.(3)The constraint of arable land resources in Henan Province is becoming more and more serious.With the rapid development of urban-rural integration and industrialization,the demand for land resources for all kinds of construction increases year by year,and the contradiction between supply and demand of land resources becomes increasingly prominent,which becomes a bottleneck restricting the development of agriculture in the province.At the same time,the utilization of existing arable land resources in Henan Province is not sufficient,and the output of agricultural activities is still at a low level.In addition,the distribution of water resources in Henan Province is extremely uneven,the concentration of precipitation and the amount of precipitation decreases from south to north,and the river flood runoff is more concentrated;the water use structure is seriously imbalanced,and the utilization rate of water resources is low;more and more people move to the cities to engage in secondary and tertiary industry activities,and the agricultural labor force decreases;the lack of investment in agricultural science and technology research and development,the scarcity of agricultural talents and other related problems also seriously limit the production of agriculture.It is urgent to formulate countermeasures to solve these problems.This paper puts forward suggestions for rational allocation of agricultural resources,improving the utilization of agricultural arable land resources,increasing agricultural technology input,and introducing and training agricultural talents,taking into account the regional characteristics and the actual agricultural production in Henan Province. |
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