Diversity Of Macrofungi In Qinling And Ta-pa Mountains Of Shaanxi Province

Macrofungi,also known as higher fungi,are an important part of natural ecosystems.Shaanxi Province is the province with the most abundant forest resources in the north of China except Heigener-Inner Mongolia.Due to the development of the Qinling forest area for several decades,the forest resources have been seriously damaged,the forest coverage rate has been significantly reduced,the water conservation capacity has been reduced,the soil and water loss has been aggravated,and the flood and drought disasters are frequent.In this paper,we investigated the species distribution characteristics of bacteria resources in the Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains in Shaanxi Province by means of the method of random inspection,and the morphological identification method.The DNA of large fungi was extracted by kit method,and ITS gene sequence was obtained after PCR amplification.On this basis,the information database,in vivo database and gene database of large fungi in Qinba Mountain were constructed.This will provide a basis for the local biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration,so that the large fungi in Qinba Mountains can be fully protected and utilized.Based on the morphological observation of more than 2300 specimens of macrofungi collected from Qinba Mountain,Shaanxi Province,416 species of fungi were identified,belonging to 19 orders,73 families and 180 genera.Among them,one species was newly recorded in China: Tulostoma squamosum;22 newly recorded species in Shaanxi Province: Echinoderma asperum?Cortinarius subbalaustinus?Entoloma incanum?Calyptella capul?Infundibulicybe alkaliviolascens?Singerocybe alboinfundibuliformis ? Inocybe caroticolor ? Lyophyllum infumatum ?Marasmius occultatiformis ? Mycena algeriensis ? Mycena pearsoniana ?Gymnopus barbipes ? Pluteus thomsonii ? Chiua virens ? Paxillus obscurisporus ?Postia cylindrica?Antrodia tanakae?Brunneoporus malicola?Lactarius subhirtipes?Lactarius vividus?Russula cerolens?Xylobolus spectabilis.In vivo bank and gene bank were constructed for the large fungi in Qinba Mountain by using the method of tissue preservation and molecular biotechnology.The information of large fungi in Qinba Mountain was supplemented,and 1079 live strains were preserved,330 gene sequences of strains were obtained.Among them,there were 245 species in 12 families,and 20 dominant genera,accounting for 11.11% of the total genera.According to the analysis of the samples,vegetation types and altitudes,15 species of macrofungi were found to be distributed in all altitudes.Through the analysis of the relationship between the species and the types of the seven plants,it was found that the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and the subtropical coniferous forest were rich in macrofungal species,while the temperate grasses,mixed grasses and artificial forest land had fewer macrofungal species.In terms of species composition,temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and subtropical and tropical grass were the most similar,followed by subtropical coniferous forest.In addition to temperate grasses and mixed grasses in the meadow,the parasitomycetes accounted for a relatively large proportion of all vegetation types.Combined with altitude and vegetation type,it was found that the macrofungi had a strong selectivity to the growth environment.